0 Confidential String inverters for commercial PV applications David Smith, November 2013

1 Confidential Commercial PV projects: Main Drivers Energy HarvestingProduct Reliability Simple Installation & Maintenance Product Flexibility

2 Confidential String Application - Considerations High design flexibility for a wide range of applications Ease of installation BoS Integration (DC combiner) PRO No Panel level MPPT No panel level monitoring CONS

3 Confidential Double MPPT with High-Speed algorithm String : optimizing energy harvesting Double MPPT & Scanning Function Different MPPs to be managed separately for a better energy harvesting Real “equal & independent MPPTs” for a unique flexibility in designing your own PV field High Dynamic Efficiency: less than 2 seconds to find the MPP HarvestingFlexibility MPPT Scanning Function Real Pmax False Targets V min Mpp1Mpp2 Running a preliminary scanning function all over the input voltage range considerably increases the MPPT algortithm’s effectiveness

4 Confidential String: design flexibility and efficiency Longer strings = benefits with high- Voc PV modules. HarvestingFlexibility Flat efficiency curve Inverter’s efficiency stays at very high levels on a wide range of Vdc and Pac values. This feature gives you a unique design flexibility for your PV plant Wide input voltage range and Flat efficiency curve Operating DC input voltage up to 970V

5 Confidential String: keeping an eye on reliability Electrolyte-free technology, no fans and IP65 enclosure No electrolytic capacitors and fans Removing two of the main causes of failures = reliability TRIO = 10 year warranty IP65 enclosure with rear heatsink The rear heatsink allows performing an easy maintenance from the front of the inverter ReliabilityInstallation & Maintenance

6 Confidential String: making everything easier Ease of installation & Maintenance Installation & Maintenance Installer-friendly wall connection system The inverter’s wall connection system has been designed so that you’ll be able to install your own product just performing a few easy on-site actions.

7 Confidential DC – AC Switch Compliant with ECA/MCS Guide to the Installation of PV Switch Disconnector Array Switch Disconnector Reducing Balance of System Costs String Fuse Protection Compliant with ECA/MCS Guide to the Installation of PV String Fuses String fuse Selection Surge Protection Compliant with ECA/MCS Guide to the Installation of PV Surge Protection Measures Installation & Maintenance

8 Confidential String: Grid Management Smart Grid ready Inverter contributes to grid stability and control to increase grid quality Capability to select Active power reduction and Reactive power regulation = Smart grid ready Frequency control Voltage Control Power Factor Management Flexibility

9 Confidential Class II Protection AC + DC Switch String level monitoring Basic version -S2 version -S2F version -S2X version A closer look at TRIO Compactness & Flexibility Installation & Maintenance

10 Confidential Why Use TRIO? High efficiency Wide input voltage range (up to 1000V) Double Independent MPPTs Fast and precise MPP tracking algorithm High energy harvesting Natural Convection Cooling Electrolyte free (no electrolytic capacitors) IP65 environmental protection rating High reliability Detachable Wiring Box Graphic display Fast installation Graphic display Remote connection Easy to use Wide input voltage range (up to 1000V) 4 different options for the wiring box 20.0 and 27.6 kW models Flexible PV plant planning

11 Confidential Hardware Balance of System cost reductions - <50kW ~30% reduction in comparison of Inverter(s) + BOS for 20kW-50kW systems year standard warranty for TRIO Installation + O+MInstall cost reduction - Integral DC + AC Isolator, Fuse combiners + OVP OPEX (Reduced Maintenance) - Inverter can be replaced simply without qualified staff. String level monitoring = Preventative O+M £/W Price Lower Cost/W

12 Confidential Lost Energy Detection Improves Performance Commercial rooftop system 4 years operation with Inverter-level only monitoring. Converted to string level monitoring Before After 67% PR 82% PR Harvesting

13 Confidential Location: Burgess Hill, Sussex, UK Installed: Spring 2012 Inverters: TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S2X TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S2X 50kWp Roof example

14 Confidential Location: Bridgewater, Somerset, UK Installed: Summer 2013 Inverters: TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S2X TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S2X 1MWp Roof Project

15 Confidential Location: Crewe, Staffordshire, UK Installed: Spring 2013 Inverters: TRIO-20.0-TL-OUTD-S2X TRIO-27.6-TL-OUTD-S2X 5MWp Roof Project

16 Confidential UK based Technical Support, Service and Training