Ancient Utahns Paleo, Archaic, Anasazi, and Fremont

Ancient Utahns All of the following Utahns had died off or moved away before any Europeans reached America. (before Columbus discovered America) We don’t know what they called themselves, but we have named them to help us classify them.

1 st Paleo-Indians Paleo means “very ancient” Sometimes called Paleoamericans 45,000-8,000 BCE There is more we don’t know than we do know Constantly moved around looking for food

Paleo-Indians Paleo Indians were not unique to Utah They lived all over North and South America Paleo is not the name of a specific tribe, but the classification for humans in this area during that time- period

Paleo Indian—Nomadic Hunter and Gatherers

Time of wooly mammoths and saber tooth tigers

Paleo-Indians How have we learned about them? We have found stone that has been formed into tools (spears, grindstones etc) Discovery of baskets, knives, leather, etc found in locations such as Danger Cave in Western Utah.

2 nd Archaic Indians They lived all over North and South America 8,000 B.C.-2,000 B.C. Archaic is not the name of a specific tribe, but the classification for humans in this area during that time-period Lived after most of the prehistoric animals had died off.

Archaic Indians: More Advanced Hunters and Gatherers

Archaic Indians in Utah Are sometimes called “Desert Gatherers” Moved around to find food

Wicki ups

Atlatl

Archaic Indians How do we know about them? Discovered: snares, ropes, baskets, sandals, scrapers, clothing made of hides, toys made out of sticks,

3 rd Anasazi Also called: – Ancient ones – Ancient enemies – Ancestral Puebloans Lived from 2000 B.C. to about 1300 AD

Anasazis Lived in four corners area

Anasazi Used bow and arrow to hunt deer, mountain sheep, bison, antelope, rabbits etc Raised turkeys to eat Grew cotton which they used for making clothing Also grew corn, squash and beans for food Gathered seeds, berries, pine nuts, sego lily bulbs, and wild onions.

Anasazi People

Clay Jug

Anasazi Made baskets, pottery, mats, sandals, headbands out of yucca plant Carved whistles out of bone Carved stone into knives with wooden handles Disappeared around 1300 AD

Anasazi

Anasazi How do we know about them? Discovered their cliff dwellings and pit houses Discovered storage units full of food Discovered tools and clothing artifacts Artwork and crafts

At the same time as the Anasazi

Fremont People

Fremont Named after the Fremont River where a lot of their artifacts were discovered. Like all the other indians we’ve talked about today we don’t know what they called themselves.

Fremont Traded with Anasazi Grew corn, beans and squash next to rivers Some were full-time hunters Created pottery, baskets, clay figurines, etc Disappeared around 1300 A.D.

Cliff Artwork

More Artwork

Pit House

Escalante Excavation Site of a Pit House

Clay Figures

More figures

Fremont How do we know about them? Have discovered their pit houses full of artifacts Have found evidence of their farming Wall paintings Figurines