Test #2 Review NVSC 101 4 November 2014.

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Presentation transcript:

Test #2 Review NVSC 101 4 November 2014

Authority U.S. Navy Regulations outlines the authority of a Naval Officer. Upon commissioning, an officer is granted the authority and responsibility to perform his or her duties. Definition - the power to determine, adjudicate, or otherwise settle issues or disputes; jurisdiction; the right to control, command, or determine.

Officer of the Deck Officer of the Deck (OOD) (Underway) Safe navigation of the ship Avoid danger and keep station by issuing the necessary helm and rudder orders Make all required reports to the CO Supervise all personnel on watch Know the status of the engineering plant Carry out the routine of the ship Supervise and conduct OJT for the JOOD and JOOW

Junior Officer of the Deck OOD usually delegates the Conn to the JOOD The ‘Conn’ Directs the movement of the ship with rudder and engine orders

Combat Information Center Watch Officer (CICWO) Supervises CIC Makes recommendations to the OOD concerning safe navigation and station keeping

Tactical Action Officer (TAO) Assigned during wartime steaming or higher threat (deployment) The TAO is responsible for tactical employment of the ship's weapons systems and defense of the ship

Engineering Officer of the Watch (EOOW) Ensures the safe operation of the ship's engineering plant

Command Duty Officer (CDO) Direct representative of the CO Larger ships may have a CDO underway, smaller ships only when in port All persons, regardless of rank, are subordinate to the CDO

OOD Inport Supervises the quarterdeck, ensures security of the ship Carries out the ship's routine

Ship's Organization Administrative Chain of Command - Department Heads report to CO through XO. Operational Chain of Command - Department Heads report directly to CO

Battle Organization Conditions of Readiness I: General Quarters - maximum state of readiness; entire crew at battle stations II: Special watch for specific mission (ASW – Anti-Submarine Warfare)

Battle Organization Conditions of Readiness III: Wartime Steaming, 1/3 of crew on watch IV: Normal Peacetime Steaming V: Peacetime Watch Inport - enough personnel onboard to cover emergencies and get underway

Admin Organization Commanding Officer (CO) Absolute responsibility: safety, well-being, and efficiency of his/her command Safe navigation Preparation of ship for battle Direct ship to engage enemy to the best of its ability Morale, welfare, and living conditions of crew

Admin Organization Commanding Officer May delegate authority, but not responsibility Training and education delegated to XO Must be a line officer aboard ship

Admin Organization Executive Officer (XO) Second in command, must be ready to assume command in the event CO is disabled Coordinates all departments Morale, welfare, discipline, cleanliness Damage control, supervise operational plans and skeds….more…

Admin Organization Department Heads Examples Responsible for all aspects of their department Examples

Admin Organization Division Officer Acts as an assistant to the DH by running a Division of Sailors generally of the same rate Examples

Admin Organization Division Supervisors LCPO - ideally E-7/E-8 Leading Petty Officer – E-6 Work Center Supervisor- E-5, runs 3M (maintenance and material management) program

Special Watch Routines General Quarters Sea and Anchor Detail Anchoring detail Anchor watch

Bills and Logs Watch, Quarter and Station Bill Designates personnel by name, rank, and billet for each casualty situation Fire, Flooding, Man Overboard, etc.

Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment Cleat - Consists of a double-ended pair of horns, used for securing a line or wire. Bitts - Pairs of heavy vertical cylinders, used for making fast lines led through chocks. Bollard - Strong cylindrical upright on a pier, about which a mooring line is placed.

Ground Tackle and Mooring Equipment Camel - A large float or raft used as a fender. Rat guards - Shields secured around mooring lines to prevent rats from coming board ships.

Dip the Eye When two bights are placed on the same bollard, the second one is led up through the first before being put over the bollard. This allows either to be cast off without moving the other.

Mooring Lines Mooring lines are the lines used to secure the ship to a wharf, pier or another ship. Definition of lines: Breast lines - Run at right angles from the ship, control distance of ship from pier Aft spring lines - Tend aft from ship, control forward movement. Forward spring lines - Tend forward from the ship, control aft movement

Mooring Lines Numbering of lines: #1 - Bow line 2 3 4 5 6 1 Numbering of lines: #1 - Bow line #2 - Aft bow spring line #3 - Forward bow spring line #4 - Aft quarter spring line #5 - Forward quarter spring line #6 - Stern line

Officer’s Role in Ship Safety A ship is an industrial environment with accidents around every corner What role do officers play in preventing accidents? Why must the safety officer focus on the “BIG PICTURE?”

Your Goal as a Division Officer #1 Ensure my personnel keep their fingers and toes. #2 Keep all my fingers and toes. #3 Make sure the ship’s evolution is successfully and safely completed.

General Shipboard safety Shipboard life is inherently different and dangerous. Don’t have loose clothing or hair. Keep your boots tied. Wear leather, steel-toed boots. Don’t wear CNTs or corfams shipboard Hearing protection

Shipboard Protective Attire Steel toed boots Hard hats Hand and eye protection Hearing protection Secure loose clothing Life jackets

Movement during Battle Stations (GQ)

Repair Lockers Quantity: 3 on CRUDES (Rep2/3/5) Function:Take charge of activities in their area of responsibility after damage is sustained, keeping DC Central informed.

Watertight Integrity Navy ships are extensively compartmented. This compartmentalization acts as a barrier to fires and flooding and prevents further damage. Navy ships are built to withstand the solid flooding of a certain number of compartments without sinking. This passive defense is surrendered if watertight integrity is not maintained through training and repair. Watertight doors and hatches must be maintained and closed properly.

Fire What makes up a Fire? FUEL OXYGEN IGNITION SOURCE

What is it? Fuel: The part of the triangle that burns. Paper,wood Oil/gas Paint Wires Textiles/cloth Metal

What is it? Oxygen: The part of the triangle that allows for combustion to take place or to burn.

What is it? Ignition source: The temperature that is needed for a substance to exceed it’s flash point, or temp where it burns.

Types of Fires Class A Class B Class C Class D

Types of Firefighting Agents CO2 PKP AFFF Halon Water

SCBA Self Contained Breathing Apparatus Aka Scott air-pack All fire party members 30-45 minutes of HP air Positive Pressure Worn on back

EEBD (Emerg. Escape Breathing Device) Up to 15 minutes Escape (egress) only DO NOT use to fight fires

DC Review 1. Discuss the fire triangle. 2. Discuss the four types of fires and the primary agents for combating them. 3. Discuss fire fighting agents and how they extinguish fires. 4. What is the purpose of the SCBA? How much oxygen should it provide? 5. What is the purpose of the EEBD? How much oxygen does it provide? 6. Discuss some of the material conditions of readiness

Discuss ship identification The initial letter of the ship’s identification indicates the ship’s mission: C - - Carrier V - - Fixed Wing C - - Cruiser D - - Destroyer F - - Frigate G - - Guided Missile S - - Submarine/Submersible P - - Patrol combatant L - - Amphibious assault A - - Auxiliary M - - Mine warfare

Ship identification continued Example: USS Chancellorsville (CG62) USS - United States’ ship Chancellorsville - Ship’s name CG - Indicates guided missile cruiser 62 - Hull number Ship size/Displacement Armament Ship speed Ship categories Combatants Warship Aircraft Carriers (CVN) Surface combatants Cruisers (CG) Destroyers (DD, or DDG) Frigates (FF, or FFG) Patrol Craft (PC)

Ship categories continued Combatants continued Submarines Nuclear (SSN) Nuclear-ballistic missile (SSBN) Nuclear cruise missile (SSGN) Other combatant ships Patrol combatants (PC) Amphibious warfare ship Amphibious assault (general purpose) (LHA) Amphibious assault (multipurpose) (LHD) Amphibious transport dock ships (LPD) Dock landing ships (LSD) Amphibious command ships (LCC) Mine warfare Mine countermeasures ship (MCM)

Aircraft Designations Letter “F” = Fighter “B” = Bomber “A” = Attack “P” = Patrol “S” = ASW “K” = Tanker “H” = Helo “E” = Electronic Number Signifies the sequential development of the aircraft. For example – F-14’s were developed before F-22’s Gaps in numbering can signify models that never “got off the drawing board.”

Squadron Designations Squadrons First Letter “V” = Fixed Wing “H” = Rotary Wing Second / Third Letter “F” – Fighter “A” = Attack “P” = Patrol “S” = ASW “C” = Cargo / Logistics “Q” = Electronic Warfare “AW” = Early Warning “L” = Light “H” = Heavy Examples VP-40 HSL-37 VAQ-132 VFA-137 VAW-112 VMAQ-2 HMH-366

HISTORY Tun Tavern Philadelphia, PA

USMC HISTORY and TRADITIONS The Marine Corps Emblem 1898 - Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin establishes the Marine Corps Emblem EAGLE = Our Nation GLOBE = Worldwide Service ANCHOR = Naval Traditions THE 13TH COMMANDANT GEN ZEILIN CRAETED THE EGA BASED OFF A DESIGN FROM THE BRITISH ROYAL MARINES.

This is what we stand for. Core Values Honor Courage Commitment Our most important attributes. This is what we stand for.

Mission Make Marines Win Battles Create Quality Citizens Our Mission is the foundation of our reputation; we are judged on our success in each task. Make Marines: “The transformation of becoming a United States Marine is a national treasure that the Marine Corps guards carefully--our standards remain high.” (Strategic Communication Plan, July 2007, pp 5). Win Battles: “We are the Nation's "shock troops, "always ready and always capable of forcible entry… The resourcefulness and versatility of our Marines have enabled our success in combat operations, stability and security operations, and counterinsurgency operations.” (Strategic Communication Plan, July 2007, pp 3). Create Quality Citizens: “The Nation must see that we create quality citizens who are better for their service as a Marine, or she will not entrust us with her sons and daughters.” (Strategic Communication Plan, July 2007, pp 1). This is what we do.

USMC Organization and Missions Foreign Service Act of 1946 establishes: - Marine Security Guards - White House Duties - “President’s Own” - HMX-1

Warfighting Philosophy Maneuver Warfare “… a warfighting philosophy that seeks to shatter the enemy’s cohesion through a variety of rapid, focused, and unexpected actions which create a turbulent and rapidly deteriorating situation with which the enemy cannot cope.” (MCDP-1) Aims to shatter enemy system rather than completely destroy his forces Maneuver in space (positional) and time (temporal) “Rather than wearing down an enemy’s defenses, maneuver warfare attempts to bypass these defenses in order to penetrate the enemy system and tear it apart. The aim is to render the enemy incapable of resisting effectively by shattering his moral, mental, and physical cohesion—his ability to fight as an effective, coordinated whole—rather than to destroy him physically through the incremental attrition of each of his components, which is generally more costly and time-consuming.” (MCDP-1, pp 73).

Warfighting Philosophy Key Ingredients of Maneuver Warfare Speed Establish pace the enemy can’t maintain Focus Against enemy’s critical vulnerabilities Ruthless Opportunism Seek out weakness Surprise Strike at unexpected time and place “Inherent in maneuver warfare is the need for speed to seize the initiative, dictate the terms of action, and keep the enemy off balance, thereby increasing his friction. We seek to establish a pace that the enemy cannot maintain so that with each action his reactions are increasingly late—until eventually he is overcome by events. Also inherent is the need to focus our efforts in order to maximize effect. In combat this includes violence and shock effect, again not so much as a source of physical attrition, but as a source of disruption. We concentrate strength against critical enemy vulnerabilities, striking quickly and boldly where, when, and in ways in which it will cause the greatest damage to our enemy’s ability to fight. Once gained or found, any advantage must be pressed relentlessly and unhesitatingly. We must be ruthlessly opportunistic, actively seeking out signs of weakness against which we will direct all available combat power. When the decisive opportunity arrives, we must exploit it fully and aggressively, committing every ounce of combat power we can muster and pushing ourselves to the limits of exhaustion. An important weapon in our arsenal is surprise, the combat value of which we have already recognized. By studying our enemy, we will attempt to appreciate his perceptions. Through deception we will try to shape the enemy’s expectations. Then we will exploit those expectations by striking at an unexpected time and place. In order to appear unpredictable, we must avoid set rules and patterns, which inhibit imagination and initiative. In order to appear ambiguous and threatening, we should operate on axes that offer numerous courses of action, keeping the enemy unclear as to which we will choose. Besides traits such as endurance and courage that all warfare demands, maneuver warfare puts a premium on certain particular human skills and traits. It requires the temperament to cope with uncertainty. It requires flexibility of mind to deal with fluid and disorderly situations. It requires a certain independence of mind, a willingness to act with initiative and boldness, an exploitive mindset that takes full advantage of every opportunity, and the moral courage to accept responsibility for this type of behavior. It is important that this last set of traits be guided by self-discipline and loyalty to the objectives of seniors. Finally, maneuver warfare requires the ability to think above our own level and to act at our level in a way that is in consonance with the requirements of the larger situation.” (MCDP-1, pp 74-76).

Warfighting Philosophy Philosophy of Command C2 (Command & Control) must be decentralized C2 is not just equipment and procedures Human element of command is critical Boldness, initiative, personality, strength of will, imagination Command from the front Where you can best influence the action Show willingness to share danger and privation “It is essential that our philosophy of command support the way we fight. First and foremost, in order to generate the tempo of operations we desire and to best cope with the uncertainty, disorder, and fluidity of combat, command and control must be decentralized. That is, subordinate commanders must make decisions on their own initiative, based on their understanding of their senior’s intent, rather than passing information up the chain of command and waiting for the decision to be passed down. Further, a competent subordinate commander who is at the point of decision will naturally better appreciate the true situation than a senior commander some distance removed. Individual initiative and responsibility are of paramount importance. The principal means by which we implement decentralized command and control is through the use of mission tactics, which we will discuss in detail later. Second, since we have concluded that war is a human enterprise and no amount of technology can reduce the human dimension, our philosophy of command must be based on human characteristics rather than on equipment or procedures. Communications equipment and command and staff procedures can enhance our ability to command, but they must not be used to lessen the human element of command. Our philosophy must not only accommodate but must exploit human traits such as boldness, initiative, personality, strength of will, and imagination.” (MCDP-1, pp 77-78).

Warfighting Philosophy Combined Arms The full integration of arms in such a way that to counteract one, the enemy must become more vulnerable to another Takes advantage of complimentary characteristics of different types of units Pose the enemy not just with a problem, but with a dilemma — a no-win situation “In order to maximize combat power, we must use all the available resources to best advantage. To do so, we must follow a doctrine of combined arms. Combined arms is the full integration of arms in such a way that to counteract one, the enemy must become more vulnerable to another. We pose the enemy not just with a problem, but with a dilemma—a no-win situation. We accomplish combined arms through the tactics and techniques we use at the lower levels and through task organization at higher levels. In so doing, we take advantage of the complementary characteristics of different types of units and enhance our mobility and firepower. We use each arm for missions that no other arm can perform as well; for example, we assign aviation a task that cannot be performed equally well by artillery. An example of the concept of combined arms at the very lowest level is the complementary use of the automatic weapon and grenade launcher within a fire team. We pin an enemy down with the high-volume, direct fire of the automatic weapon, making him a vulnerable target for the grenade launcher. If he moves to escape the impact of the grenades, we engage him with the automatic weapon. We can expand the example to the MAGTF level: We use assault support aircraft to quickly concentrate superior ground forces for a breakthrough. We use artillery and close air support to support the infantry penetration, and we use deep air support to interdict enemy reinforcements that move to contain the penetration. Targets which cannot be effectively suppressed by artillery are engaged by close air support. In order to defend against the infantry attack, the enemy must make himself vulnerable to the supporting arms. If he seeks cover from the supporting arms, our infantry can maneuver against him. In order to block our penetration, the enemy must reinforce quickly with his reserve. However, in order to avoid our deep air support, he must stay off the roads, which means he can only move slowly. If he moves slowly, he cannot reinforce in time to prevent our breakthrough. We have put him in a dilemma.” (MCDP-1, pp 94).

MAGTF Basic Organization Command Element (CE) Ground Combat Element (GCE) Air Combat Element (ACE) Logistics Combat Element (LCE) Basic structure never varies, but number, type, and size of units in each of the four elements will be mission-dependent.

Command Element (CE) Headquarters integrates the ACE, GCE, and LCE together to accomplish a mission Command and Control (C2) functions

Ground Combat Element (GCE) Ground combat power May include: Infantry Artillery Tanks Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAV) Light Armored Recon (LAR) Combat Engineers Reconnaissance

Air Combat Element (ACE) Air and lift capabilities May include: Fixed & rotary wing Attack Assault Marine air control Air Traffic Control (ATC) Air defense Aviation logistics and support

Logistics Combat Element (LCE) Logistical sustainment Functions include: Transportation Supply (food, fuel, ammo) Maintenance General engineering Health services (medical/dental) General Services

Four Types of MAGTFs Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) – large Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) – medium Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) – small Special Purpose MAGTF (SPMAGTF) – varies CE GCE ACE LCE

Designators A designator is a four-digit, numeric code that describes the type of job an officer is designated to do. The last number indicates the status of an officer with a "5" meaning reserve, "0" regular, and "7" training active reserves (TAR)

Communities Unrestricted Line Officers: Perform combat missions for the Navy. Restricted Line Officers: Not eligible for command at sea. Staff Officers: Provide services and support for the line communities. TAR Officers: These officers are reserve officers on active duty who specialize in the training of reserves.

GOOD LUCK !