France and the Habsburg Empire
France foreign policy problems lost to Italy supported Austria who lost to Mexico lost Franco-Prussian War 1871-Napoleon III captured. Paris controlled by Prussians
Paris Commune Sought to rule Paris separately from the rest of France. Set up by radicals and socialists (anarchists).
National Assembly National Assembly, ruling all of France, sends troops to Paris and kills 20,000 inhabitants.
Dreyfus Affair French commander indicted on passing secrets to Germans. Evidence was forged. Sent to Devil’s Island.
What happened next? The real spy was tried and released. Dreyfus re-tried and convicted again. President then pardoned him. Emile Zola- “J’accuse”
Dreyfus Affair repercussions Violent anti-semitism was embraced by many French. Radicals, republicans, and socialists formed an informal alliance. Political, racial, religious divisions continued into the 1940’s.
Problems in the Habsburg Empire Hungary Croats and Slovaks felt ostracized by society. No foreign support France and Italy military failures
Francis Joseph Became dual monarch of Austria- Hungary
October Diploma Created federation among the states and provinces of the empire.
February Patent Created a bicameral imperial Parliament, the Reichsrat.
Magyars Refused to cooperate with Francis Joseph.
Ausgleich of 1867 Created Austria-Hungary
Other ethnic groups were angry.
Czechs wanted a triple monarchy Francis Joseph agrees, Magyars deny.
Language defines the nation.
Nationalities w/i the Habsburg Empire
Many Austrians want to join the German Empire
This increased nationalism would be a contributing factor to the future World Wars.