The Role of Satellites in Disaster Risk Monitoring and Management (DRRM) - User perspective in ADB. Presentation by Yusuke Muraki Infrastructure Specialist (Space Technology) Asian Development Bank 23 September

Questions 1.ADB’s work related to satellite application. 2.What kind of data do disaster management users need? How is it used to aid decision making to manage disaster risk? 3.ADB’s Typhoon Haiyan response. 4.Benefits and challenges. 2

1. ADB’s work related to satellite application 3

Introduction of ADB Regional development bankRegional development bank –Economic development and Poverty reduction ProjectsProjects –Loan, grant, and technical assistance (TA) –With knowledge to address development issues $15.3 billion assisted in 2013$15.3 billion assisted in

Introduction of ADB 5 President HQ (External relations, audit, strategy.etc) Budget, Administration (Procurement, Human resources, Administration, Legal,.etc) Vice President Public/ Cofinance East Asia Department Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Economics & Research Department Regional Sustainable Development Department South Asia Department Central and West Asia Department South East Asia Department Pacific Department Headquarters in Manila, Philippines

Introduction of ADB SectorsSectors –Agriculture, Rural Development, and Food Security –Education –Energy –Environment (Inc. Climate change) –Financial Sector Development –Gender Equity –Health –Public Management and Governance (Inc. Disaster Risk Management) –Public-Private Partnership –Regional Cooperation and Integration –Social Development and Poverty –Transport –Urban –Water 6

Introduction of ADB 7 ADB concluded LOI with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in 2010 to promote space technology applications in its activities.ADB concluded LOI with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in 2010 to promote space technology applications in its activities. Became Sentinel Asia Data Analysis Node in January 2012.Became Sentinel Asia Data Analysis Node in January “Workshop on GIS and Space Technology for Sustainable Development of Asia” was held in ADB HQ in February 2011.“Workshop on GIS and Space Technology for Sustainable Development of Asia” was held in ADB HQ in February 2011.

EO x DRM in ADB “Operational Plan for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (IDRM) ”“Operational Plan for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (IDRM) ” –ADB will promote the application of state-of-the- art space-based and information and communication technology such as remote sensing and geographical information systems both for disaster risk assessment and early warning systems. 8

2. What kind of data do disaster management users need? How is it used to aid decision making to manage disaster risk? 9

Satellite applications for Disaster Risk Management Prevention, mitigation and PreparednessPrevention, mitigation and Preparedness A.Hazard maps B.Hazard forecasting Response and RehabilitationResponse and Rehabilitation C.Disaster Monitoring D.Damage assessment maps 10

SBT Applications A. Hazard maps (Floods, droughts, volcano, etc.)A. Hazard maps (Floods, droughts, volcano, etc.) –Using satellite imagery as a background –Using satellite geographical model for inundation modeling –Identify houses, roads and other infrastructure using satellite imagery –Overlay of past flood inundation maps to make potential inundation maps 11 Key information for urban planning, infrastructure development

SBT Applications B. Hazard forecasting (Flood)B. Hazard forecasting (Flood) –Application of satellite-based rainfall data and geographic data for flood modeling. –In TA8074REG “Applying Remote Sensing Technology for River Basin Management” funded by Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR: 2 million US$), satellite-based rainfall data will be integrated to existing flood models in Bangladesh, Philippines and Viet Nam with the support of JAXA. 12

ST Applications D. Damage assessment mapsD. Damage assessment maps –In TA7579-PAK “Pakistan Floods (2010) Damage and Needs Assessment” (220,000$), satellite data including ALOS data freely provided by JAXA were used for making the flood inundation map by SPARCO. 13

3. Typhoon Haiyan Response in ADB 14

Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines in November 2013 Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) hit the central part of the Philippines on 8 November Wind speeds estimated at 315 km/h (195 mph). As of January 10, 2014, 6,190 reported dead, 1,785 still missing. 3.4 million family / 16 million persons affected. 1.1 million houses damaged.

ADB supported by Loans and Grants 16

Damage Assessment -> Plan Multi-Cluster/Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA)Multi-Cluster/Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) Reconstruction Assistance on Yolanda (RAY) based on Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA)Reconstruction Assistance on Yolanda (RAY) based on Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA) 17

What ADB has done using satellite data Accessed International Disaster Charter, Sentinel Asia and other available EO information and shared in the Yolanda Response Team in ADB. Counted damaged infrastructure based on damaged infrastructure map based-on satellite imagery and basic GIS data from Open Street Map (OSM). Identified of number of damaged houses in 40 m buffer zone from the coast line for understanding the magnitude of the replacement. Asked satellite providers to provide proposal for damage assessment. 18

Damage assessment 19 Base maps (Layers of houses, infrastructure, roads, etc.) Damaged infrastructure by visual check of satellite imagery GIS Analysis 1.Number of damaged infrastructure 2.Damaged infrastructure maps Data Source -Open Street Map Data Source -Open Street Map Image from Openstreetmap Image from International Charter, UNOSAT

Results of initial work by ADB RS-GIS team 20

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22 Could calculate the number and locate the damaged hospitals, hotels, schools, etc. on maps

Estimation of number of houses in 40 m buffer zone from the shoreline 23

4. Benefits and challenges 24

Benfits of EO Data for Initial Damage Assessment 25

Satellite data can provide good information at the early stage Number of damaged houses for Tacloban city from the results was / (60%)Number of damaged houses for Tacloban city from the results was / (60%) Number of damaged houses for Tacloban city reported in NDRRMC update was;Number of damaged houses for Tacloban city reported in NDRRMC update was; –382 for 11/10 to 11/21 –58,823 (12,270(Totally), 46,553(Partially)) for 11/21 to 12/20 26 Satellite-based assessment has advantage for the quick assessment until field data is available

ADB Needs on EO Data for Disaster Response 27

Needs of satellite data 1)Information about the number of damaged infrastructure by type (houses, schools, hospitals, etc.) 2)Information about area of affected agricultural lands and forests. 3)Maps indicating the location and distribution of the affected infrastructure and lands. 28 -To formulate loans, grants and TAs to support the government in disaster response, recovery and rehabilitation -To develop damage assessment reports such as DaLA.

Timing of ADB activities 29  Typhoon Yolanda11/8 11/13 11/25 12/06 12/13 12/16  3 million $ Grant approved  20 million $ Grant and 500 million $ Loan announced  20 million $ Grant approved  MIRA released  500 million $ Loan approved  DaLA completed and RAY released  375 million $ Loan approved  20 million $ Grant concept prepared

Challenges for “Making” Satellite-based Damage Information Challenges for “Making” Satellite-based Damage Information 30

Challenges for “Making” Satellite- based Damage Information 1) 1)Availability of basic GIS data in the affected area 2) 2)Limited coverage of free satellite- based damage information 3) 3)Lack of coordination among organizations conducting data analyses 31

(1) Lack of basic GIS data 32 Baseline GIS data (Layers of houses, infrastructure, roads, etc.) Damaged infrastructure by visual check of satellite imagery GIS Analysis 1.Number of damaged infrastructure 2.Damaged infrastructure maps Image from Openstreetmap Image from International Charter Available from space community Not easily available!!

How to prepare GIS data? From government agenciesFrom government agencies A.Lack of coordination/sharing Making coordination mechanism and share data before disastersMaking coordination mechanism and share data before disasters B.Lack of data Support developing mapsSupport developing maps From OSMFrom OSM A.Lack of capacity Establish local community which can make OSM maps.Establish local community which can make OSM maps. B.Lack of understanding Coordinate with agencies to promote the use of OSMCoordinate with agencies to promote the use of OSM 33 DPN (Space)DANUser DPN (Basic GIS data) Example in Sentinel Asia

(2) Data availability was limited…. 34

(3) Lack of coordination for data analyses It was difficult to know what geospatial processing other agencies were conducting, which made ADB’s decision making much slower to decide where and what to focus.It was difficult to know what geospatial processing other agencies were conducting, which made ADB’s decision making much slower to decide where and what to focus. More coordination in international community during disaster events.More coordination in international community during disaster events. Microtasking used by volunteers (Malysian Airline case) may be useful to divide analysis work.Microtasking used by volunteers (Malysian Airline case) may be useful to divide analysis work. 35

Challenges for “Utilizing” Satellite-based Damage Information 36

Challenges for “Utilizing” Satellite- based Damage Information 1) 1)Difficulty to use numbers from satellite-based information for official reports 2) 2)Sharing and utilization of satellite- based information at the local level 37

(1) How to make use of satellite- based information officially It is difficult to change official numbers reported from fields or responsible local government agencies at the higher level.It is difficult to change official numbers reported from fields or responsible local government agencies at the higher level. –It is important to consider how to make use of satellite-based information at the local / community level which collect information as initial data source. 38

(2) Lack of information sharing at the community level Due to the loss of internet connection during disasters and lack of awareness.Due to the loss of internet connection during disasters and lack of awareness. Mechanism to deliver satellite-based information to the affected area is necessary.Mechanism to deliver satellite-based information to the affected area is necessary. Offline data viewer would be useful.Offline data viewer would be useful. 39

Connect affected community with international digital volunteers Many crowdsourcing initiatives of digital humanitarians for disaster response (geo-tagging twitters, damage assessment by microtasking) such as the one by Digital Humanitarian Network (DHN).Many crowdsourcing initiatives of digital humanitarians for disaster response (geo-tagging twitters, damage assessment by microtasking) such as the one by Digital Humanitarian Network (DHN). Collaboration between official network such as Sentinel Asia and volunteer-based initiatives should be explored.Collaboration between official network such as Sentinel Asia and volunteer-based initiatives should be explored. Community-based information is necessary for international digital volunteers to work effectively.Community-based information is necessary for international digital volunteers to work effectively. 40

How to realize “sustainable” applications 41 Sustainable Operation Practical Applications Demonstration through pilot projects Research and Development of methods Capacity of organizations for data provision Staff Technical Capacity Human Resources Software, Hardware, Data Understanding by Management Financial Source Policies Capacity of User organizations Policy makers' understanding Institutional Arrangement Role and responsibility definition for each organizations

New Proposal of ADB’s Regional Technical Assistance Project 42

43 Satellite Imagery Tracing satellite imagery on PC Smartphone with GPS Uploaded to OSM Maps -Validate and edit maps -Add building names and types 1.Community-based mapping for DRM using SBT and ICT Other available maps, data, hazard maps Smartphone with GPS -geo-tagged information about hazards and evacuation route 3. Data Mgt. with GIS at local government Smartphone and tablet with GPS b) Community-based Hazard risk and evacuation mapping using mobile phone application 4. Using maps and data for Rescue, recovery, Rehabilitation, etc. at community level 2. Utilization of free satellite- based damage assessment From Sentinel Asia, the Disaster Charter Satellite Imagery Satellite- based damage data Smartphone with GPS -geo-tagged reports and photos from field c) Crisis mapping using mobile phone application a)Detail Base map development on OpenStreetMap Pilot activities at selected communities

Thank you! If you have any questions, please contact Yusuke Muraki 44