To INPUT  Water- universal solvent  Photosynthesis- locations in cell, what goes into where  Light reactions  Dark reactions  Cell communication

Warm-Up / EOC prep 1. Why do cells and blood need buffers? A. to maintain a constant internal environment at a pH of 10 B. to minimize the changes in pH of the internal environment in order to maintain homeostasis C. to function properly in an extremely basic internal environment D. to function properly in an extremely acidic internal environment 2. A very strong base might have a pH of ___. A. 3B. 5C. 9D. 13

agenda  Warm-up  pH review  Notes  Biomolecule table  Organic Molecules Notecards  Clean-up  Cool-down  Quiz on Organic Molecules & Enzymes Friday!!

PH review A, B, or N?? Pick the stronger acid or base or or or 11 Pick the weaker acid or base or or or Name 2 acidic solutions. 12. Name 2 basic solutions. 13. Name 2 neutral solutions.

Organic Molecules Guided Notes 16

Chemistry of Carbon  Carbon has four valence electrons, which means it can form four bonds  It can even bond with itself  This allows carbon to form long chains to form bigger compounds

Chemistry of Carbon  Carbon is a very flexible element-it can even form rings  Carbon can form small molecules-called monomers-and these monomers join together to form larger molecules called polymers

Monomers and Polymers

Organic Molecules  There are four groups of organic molecules, all which contain carbon: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates  Element make-up: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C,H, O)  Use: structure and energy  Examples: starches, cellulose, glycogen, and sugars- glucose, fructose, galactose  Simple sugars-monosaccharides  Complex sugars-polysaccharides  Storing glucose in the body  Animals- glycogen  Plants- cellulose (cell wall)

Carbohydrates  Carbohydrates = sugar Glucose Fructose Sucrose  “-OSE” = SUGAR = CARB

Lipids  Element make-up: Carbon and Hydrogen (C, H)  Uses: store energy, part of membranes water proof covering  Important: Lipids are not soluble in water. They are also made up of a glycerol and three fatty acids  Examples: fats, oils, and waxes

Lipids Fatty Acid Glycerol Fatty Acid Glycerol

Lipids

Proteins  Element make-up: nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) (N, C, H, O)  Use: transport substances, form bones and muscles, speed up reactions  Important: Proteins are made up of chains (polymer) of amino acids (monomers)  Example: enzymes & hemoglobin & insulin

Proteins Amino Acid

Proteins

Nucleic Acids  Element make-up: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus (H, O, N, C, P)  Use: store and transmit genetic information  Examples: DNA/RNA  Important: Nucleic acids are polymers made up of nucleotides (monomers)  Nucleotides-5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Nucleic Acids

Nucleotide

REVIEW

 What are the four organic molecules?

 Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

 Which organic molecules are used for energy?

 Carbohydrates and lipids

 What monomers are nucleic acids made of?

 nucleotides

 What monomers are proteins made of?

 Amino acids

 Which element do all the organic molecules have in common?

 Carbon

 Wax and oil are classified as which organic molecule?

 Lipids

Organic Molecules Flashcards  Get 4 notecards  In one side, draw/write 1. Name: (Lipid, protein, nucleic acid, and carbohydrate) 2. Picture: either a structure diagram or example picture  In the other side, write 1. Monomer: 2. Function/Job: 3. 2 examples: 4. One piece of extra info from your notes/book  Ch 2, pg in the green book for extra info.

Exit ticket  On your notecard, answer the following questions without using your notes. 1. What are the two organic molecules used to store energy? Give an example of each. 2. What are the subunits of nucleic acids?

Warm-up / EOC prep 1. What are the basic building blocks of proteins? A. Nucleic acidsB. Peptide bonds C. Amino acidsD. Glycerol & fatty acids 2. Which of the following compounds may be polymers? A. CarbohydratesB. Nucleic acids C. ProteinD. All of the above

agenda  Warm-up  Notes  Demos  Biomolecule worksheet  Textbook Questions  Online Review  Clean-up  Quiz on Organic Molecules & Enzymes Friday!!

Organic Molecule Indicator Tests Guided Notes 17

Indicator tests  Indicator tests are used to test unknown substances for the presence of organic macromolecules (proteins, lipids, starch, and the monomer glucose).

Protein test  When added, Biurets solution turns purple in the presence of protein.

Lipid test  Brown paper turns translucent (light passes through) in the presence of lipids

Starch test  Iodine turns dark blue- black in the presence of starch.

Monosaccharide test  Benedicts solution plus heat turns orange in presence of simple sugars