Motor Carrier Safety The Highway Safety Problem Safety in the Motor Carrier Industry Causes of Accidents Government Solutions Hours of Service Rules Drug Testing Commercial Drivers License Safety Audits Roadside Inspections Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Technology

Motor Carrier Safety The Safety Problem More truck traffic More problems with large trucks on the highways Deaths associated with large vehicle accidents

Motor Carrier Safety Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes Fatal 38,58839,25238,44438,47738,49137,86237,52637,14037,10737,32437,49437,24136,254 Crashes Traffic Crash Fatalities (Vehicle Occupants and Motorcycle Riders) Drivers27,32327,49126,87126,77926,65925,86925,56725,25724,74324,66724,53424,39023,691 Passengers9,47310,06910,35510,45810,60410,46910,69510,52110,53010,94411,05810,78210,518 Unknown Sub Total36,90237,64637,30437,34137,37536,44036,34835,87535,38235,72535,69535,29134,318 Non-Motorists Pedestrians4,7844,8924,6754,7744,8514,9014,7634,9395,2285,3215,4495,5845,489 Pedalcyclists Other/Unknown Sub Total5,7405,8645,5325,5435,6305,7565,5975,8426,1196,2886,3686,5266,398 Total42,64243,51042,83642,88443,00542,19641,94541,71741,50142,01342,06541,81740,716 Large Truck Fatal Crashes5,018 5,212 5,235 Source: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, “Large Truck Crash Facts 2005,” (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, 2005).

Motor Carrier Safety Highway Deaths:

Motor Carrier Safety Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes KilledInjured Change% Chg Change% Chg Total*33,78232,719-1, %2,362,0002,313,000-49, % Occupants Passenger Vehicles21,77921, %2,091,0002,046,000-45, % Passenger Cars12,36111, %1,328,0001,296,000-32, % Light Trucks9,4189, %762,000750,000-12, % Large Trucks %25,00024,000-1, % Motorcycles4,9864, %93,00088,000-5, % Non Occupants Pedestrians4,8184, %76,00066,000-10,000-13% Pedalcyclists %49,00048,000-1, % Other/Unknown —10,00011,0001,000— *Total includes occupants of buses and other/unknown occupants not shown in table Source: National Highway Safety Administration, “2013 Motor Vehicle Crashes: Overview,” Traffic Safety Facts, (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, December 2014 ).

Motor Carrier Safety Human Error FHWA Study - 95% of all preventable accidents due to human error Office of Technology Assessment Study - 60% of all commercial motor vehicle accidents caused by human error

Motor Carrier Safety Sources of Human Error in Truck Accidents Lack of skills Fatigue Drug/alcohol abuse

Motor Carrier Safety 1.Brake problems 2.Traffic flow interruption (congestion, previous crash) 3.Prescription drug use 4.Traveling too fast for conditions 5.Unfamiliarity with roadway 6.Roadway problems 7.Required to stop before crash (traffic control device, crosswalk) 8.Over-the-counter drug use 9.Inadequate surveillance 10.Fatigue Top 10 Factors Related to Large Truck Accidents The Large Truck Crash Causation Study-2005

Motor Carrier Safety Other Factors Relating to Motor Carrier Accidents Length of time a driver is with a firm Condition of equipment Age of equipment Rate of defective equipment Profitability Larger specialized carriers tend to have more accidents Automobile Drivers Cell Phones?

Motor Carrier Safety

Government Solutions Commercial Drivers License Hours of Service Rules Drug Testing Safety Audits Roadside Inspections Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration CSA/(ELDs) Black Boxes

Motor Carrier Safety Traditional Hours of Service Rules 10-hour driving limit during a 15 hour on-duty period 8-hour daily off-duty period to restart the driving time clock This meant you could drive 16 hours in a 24 hour period Drive 10 hours, off 8 hours, still 6 hours left in 24 hours Sleeper berth exception, permitting the off-duty period to be accumulated in two periods of at least two hours each Weekly cumulative on-duty limit of 60 hours over past 7 days Driver Fatigue

Motor Carrier Safety New HOS Rules An 11-hour daily driving limit On-duty limit from 15 hours to 14 hours Off-duty period from eight to 10 hours Kept the old sleeper berth exception (Now Required, Controversial) 60-hour week limit (for 6 days); and A 34-hour restart provision, theoretically adding 17 hours to the work week(Controversial) Driver Fatigue

Motor Carrier Safety Driver Fatigue Hours of Service of Drivers Limit the use of the 34-hour restart provision to once every 168 hours Require that anyone using the 34-hour restart provision have as part of the restart: Two periods that include 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. Allows truckers to drive if they have had a break of at least 30 minutes sometime within the previous 8 hours. This rule does not include a change to the daily driving limit The 60- and 70-hour limits are also unchanged. These changes will affect only the small minority of drivers who regularly work the longer hours.

Motor Carrier Safety Drug/Alcohol Abuse Mandatory drug testing Counseling Substance abuse hotline – i.e., Bridgestone Tires

Motor Carrier Safety Lack of Skills Specialized skills required Often drivers have little or no training Federal Commercial Drivers License (CDL) Nation-wide computer system

Motor Carrier Safety Motor Carrier Safety Audits U.S. DOT evaluates and assigns safety ratings to more than 200,000 motor carriers Performed by field specialists from the DOT's Office of Motor Carrier Safety (now FMCSA)

Motor Carrier Safety Documents Required for Typical Carrier Driver qualification files Driver logs or daily time sheets Insurance certification (MCS-90) Accident report forms (MCS-50) A written hiring policy A written drug and alcohol policy Annual inspection reports for vehicles Maintenance files for each vehicle A copy of Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations

Motor Carrier Safety Documents Required for HazMat Carrier A copy of Hazardous Materials Regulations Hazardous materials placards and labels Hazardous materials waste manifests Cargo tank certificate Cargo tank inspection reports DOT Form F5800 Receipts for documents Driver's manual for handling hazardous materials

Motor Carrier Safety Factors on Which the Rating is Based Adequate Safety Management Controls Managerial responsibility for safety, insurance, and accident information Driver Qualifications Driving and Service Hours Vehicle Maintenance Hazardous Materials

Motor Carrier Safety Categories of Ratings Which May Result Satisfactory - Everything is in order Conditional - When any one factor is not adequate, carrier is required to correct the problem(s) prior to the field specialist returning for a Safety Audit Unsatisfactory - If more than one factor is failed. May result in the carrier being shutdown

Motor Carrier Safety North East, “Who the hell does he think he is?” Black Box Research Installed in SUVs Most Frequent Comments Before Crashes: Southwest, “Hold my beer, this is going to be close.”