Policies and measures related to industrial processes in third national communications Niklas Höhne

2 Major emission sources within industrial processes Process-related CO 2 emissions of various industries: iron-steel, cement etc. N 2 O emissions of the chemical industry (ammonia, nitric acid, adipic acid) Emissions of fluorinated GHGs during production and use

3 Emission profile for industrial processes Usually 3-8 % of total national emissions Decreasing and increasing trends in the 90‘s reported No general trend for future emissions Underlying trends: –Reduced industrial production and related emissions (CO 2, N 2 O) –Increased use of fluorinated gases

4 Implementation issues Most Parties reported industrial processes PaMs Objectives: environmental and economic Linkages: –Replacement of ozone-depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol –Health and safety Instruments: Often voluntary agreements or industry consultations, but also regulation and taxation

5 Main areas for action within industrial processes Abatement technologies for N 2 O emissions of the chemical industry (reductions of a few percent of 1990 emissions for some countries) Reducing by-production of HFC-23 Reductions of PFC emissions during aluminium production Shift from HFCs to e.g. hydrocarbons in foams and refrigeration Leakage reduction for fluorinated gases

6 Areas without widely implemented reduction technology Process-related CO 2 emissions (CO 2 is partly a by- product of a physical/chemical process) HFCs in mobile air-conditioning (increasing emissions, no alternative to HFCs commercialised) HFCs in some specific medical aerosols (no alternatives available)

7 Conclusions N 2 O abatement technologies in chemical production, PFC in aluminium production, HFC-23 by-production: relatively large emission reductions at relatively low cost Two approaches on fluorinated gases: –Development of comprehensive reduction and phase-out legislation on fluorinated gases –Promotion of industry partnerships aimed at reducing emissions without restricting the use of substances