April 9, 2014 Review for informational text unit test H omework: I nformational text unit test tomorrow! Objective: I can demonstrate mastery of informational text patterns of organization, text features, author’s purpose and examples of informational text in preparation for tomorrow’s unit test. Warm Up (in your composition book) Copy your objective into you comp book. Today we will be reviewing for the informational text unit test tomorrow. In your Lit book, look up the definition for informational text. Copy it down into your notes.

Author's purpose A writer usually writes for one or more of these purposes: to express opinions and thoughts to inform or explain to persuade to entertain

to express opinions or thoughts

to inform the author wants to enlighten the reader with topics that are usually real or contain facts. textbooks cookbooks newspapers encyclopedias

to persuade the author wants to persuade the reader to agree with his opinion, and may provide facts and examples to convince the reader. a dvertisements commercials newspaper editorials campaign speeches

to entertain the author wants to amuse the reader poems stories plays comic strips

Informational text are often arranged in one of 5 common organizational patterns. Firstly, what do we mean by pattern of organization?

Pattern of Organization the way ideas and information are arranged and organized. Examples of patterns of organization include: ma in idea / supporting details chronological order cause and effect compare and contrast problem / solution

Main idea / supporting detail the main idea is the most important idea about a topic that the writer or speaker conveys. The supporting details support the main idea.

A Legendary Book and Movie 1) L. Frank Baum first published The Wizard of Oz in )The next year he wrote a musical based on the book, and it was an instant success. 3) People have enjoyed the story ofThe Wizard of Oz for over 100 years, and in many different forms. 4) Several years after the book's publication and success, a movie was made starring Judy Garland as Dorothy. 5) In 2007, Sony Playstation launched a video game based on the popular story. 6)Baum published many other books as well and had many other interests. Wr ite the sentence that is the main idea of the selection. Are there any sentences that do not support the main idea? Which one(s)?

Samuel L. Clemens 1) Writer Samuel Langhorne Clemens spent his childhood on the banks of the Mississippi River in Hannibal, Missouri. 2) It was here that he set his most famous novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 3)Later, he also published a nonfiction book called Life on the Mississippi. 4)Clemens even used a pseudonym, a fictional name used by an author, Mark Twain, which is a term for a water depth of two fathoms on rivers like the Mississippi. 5)As an adult, Clemens made his way west to San Francisco. 6)Eventually, he settled down in Hartford, Connecticut where people still visit the house he lived in. 7)Clemens' writing was greatly influenced by his early life on the Mississippi River. Wh ich sentence number captures the main idea of the paragraph? How can you tell? Which sentence(s) do not support this idea?

Chronological order: Definition the arrangement of events in the order in which they happen.

Chronological order: strategies for reading look for sub / headings that may indicate c.o. such as Early Life or Later Years look for words that identify times - in a year, 3 weeks later look for words that signal order - first, then, during a paragraph with c.o. will have several time order words ask yourself: Are the events in time order?

Cause and effect: Definition a pattern of organization that shows the relationships between events, ideas and trends.

Cause and effect: Examples historical and scientific writings Cause and effect relationships may have many forms One cause one effect One cause multiple effects Multiple causes single effect A chain of causes and effects

Cause and effect: strategies for reading look for sub / headings that may indicate c and e such as Effects of Food Allergies to find the effect(s), read to answer the question "What happened?" to find the cause(s), read to answer the question "Why did it happen?" look for words that help you identify relationships between events such as because, since, as a result do not assume that an earlier event automatically caused a later one use graphic organizers, such as diagrams

Compare and contrast: Definition a pattern of organization that provides a way to look at similarities and differences in two or more subjects.

Compare and contrast: Examples Points of comparison - important points or characteristics of two or more subjects. point by point organization - subject by subject organization - the writer covers all points of comparison for one subject then all points of comparison for the next subject the writer discusses one point of comparison for both subjects, then goes on to the next point A compare and contrast pattern of organization can be developed in either of these two ways:

Compare and contrast: strategies for reading look for sub / headings that may indicate c and c such as Plants Share Many Characteristics to find similarities, look for words such as like, similarly, both, all to find differences, look for words such as unlike, but, on the other hand use a Venn Diagram or another kind of graphic organizer Subject 1 Subject 2 Both Subject 1Subject 2 Point 1 Point 2 Point 3

Problem-Solution: Definition a pattern of organization in which a problem is stated and analyzed and then one or more solutions are proposed and examined.

Problem-Solution Order: Examples persuasive writing such as editorials and proposals

Problem-solution: strategies for reading look for an explanation of the problem in the first or second paragraph look for words such as problem and reason to find the solution, ask: What suggestion does the writer offer to the problem? look for words such as propose, conclude and answer that may signal a solution

Let's review types of graphic organizers best used for each type... Main idea / supporting details - What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this? Chronological / sequential order - What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this? Compare / contrast - What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this? Cause / effect - What kind of graphic organizer do you use for this?

Now I will give you a sheet asking you to read four different selections. Choose the pattern of organization used in each one.

#1.

#2.

#3.

#5.

Informational texts often contain text features. What are text feature?

Text features design elements of a text that indicate its pattern of organization or otherwise make its central ideas and information understandable. titles sub / headings boldfaced type bulleted and numbered lists graphic aids - charts, graphs, illustrations, photographs, diagrams, maps and timelines.

Graphic aids vi sual representations of verbal statements that make complex information easy to understand. They are often used to organize, simplify and summarize information for easy reference.

Graph a drawing that shows the relative values of numerical quantities.

circle (pie) graph shows the relationship of parts to a whole. The entire circle equals 100% and the parts of the circle represent percentages of the whole

line graph shows changes in numerical quantities over time and can be used to present trends such as global temperature change.

bar graph vertical or horizontal bars are used to show or compare categories of information. The lengths of the bars indicate quantities.

diagram a drawing that shows how something works or how its parts relate to one another.

schematic diagram lines, symbols and words are used to help readers visualize processes or objects they wouldn't normally be able to see.

chart presents information, shows a process or makes comparisons, usually in rows or columns.

table a specific type of chart that present a collection of facts in rows and columns and shows how the facts relate to one another.

map v isually represents a geographic region, such as a state or country. It provides information about areas through lines, colors, shapes and symbols.

political map shows political features, such as national borders.

physical map shows the landforms in an area.

road or travel map shows roads and highways.

thematic map shows information on a specific topic, such as climate, weather or natural resources.

timelines s hows events in the order in which they occurred. Event are listed along a horizontal or vertical line and are usually labeled with the year in which they happened.

Let's review primary / secondary sources... What is a primary source? Examples? What is a secondary source? Examples?

SubjectPrimary sourceSecondary source Art History Medicine Sports English Make the following chart in your notes

Homework: TEST on informational text tomorrow! STUDY! This is a formal grade!