Howard Gardner Multiple Intelligence Theory Created By: Kelli Bolin Mary Freeman Kristin McCloskey Kim Scoggin

SUMMARY Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory was first published in Howard Gardner’s book, Frames of Mind (1983), and quickly became known as a classical model which helped to understand and teach many aspects of human intelligence, learning style, personality and behavior - in education and industry. Howard Gardner initially developed his ideas and theory on multiple intelligences as a contribution to psychology, but Gardner’s theory was soon accepted by education, teaching and training communities. It’s appeal was immediate and irresistible. This was a sure sign that Gardner had created a classic reference work and learning model. Gardner’s Theory began as seven Intelligences, but after continued research Gardner has added an eighth.

Howard Gardner is the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He also holds positions as Adjunct Professor of Psychology at Harvard University and Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero. Among numerous honors, Gardner received a MacArthur Prize Fellowship in 1981 and the University of Louisville’s Grawemeyer Award in Education in He has received honorary degrees from thirty colleges and universities, including institutions in Bulgaria, Chile, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, South Korea, and Spain. He has twice been selected by Foreign Policy and Prospect magazines as one of the 100 most influential public intellectuals in the world. In 2011, Gardner received the Prince of Asturias Award for Social Sciences, and in 2015, he was awarded the Brock International Prize in Education. The author of twenty-nine books translated into thirty-two languages, and several hundred articles, Gardner is best known in educational circles for his theory of multiple intelligences, a critique of the notion that there exists but a single human intelligence that can be adequately assessed by standard psychometric instruments. Biography

GARDNER’S EIGHT TYPES OF INTELLIGENCES ILLUSTRATED

Key Elements The main elements of Gardner’s (1993) theory are the seven candidate intelligences. The number of intelligences is expanding. We all have intelligences, but no two people are alike according to Gardner. The theory states that all seven intelligences are needed to productively function in society. According to Gardner, the seven intelligences very rarely operate independently. Gardner (1999) made two fundamental claims about multiple intelligences, (1) that the theory accounts for the full range of human cognition, and (2) each individual has a unique blend of the various intelligences that contributes to his/her personal predilections and abilities.

Spatial The ability to conceptualize and manipulate large-scale spatial arrays (e.g. airplane pilot, sailor), or more local forms of space (e.g. architect, chess player). Musical Sensitivity to rhythm, pitch, meter, tone, melody and timbre. May entail the ability to sing, play musical instruments, and/or compose music (e.g. musical conductor). Bodily-Kinesthetic The ability to use one’s whole body, or parts of the body (like the hands or the mouth), to solve problems or create products (e.g. dancer).

Logical-Mathematical The capacity to conceptualize the logical relations among actions or symbols (e.g. mathematicians, scientists). Famed psychologist Jean Piaget believed he was studying the range of intelligences, but he was actually studying logical-mathematical intelligence. Linguistic Sensitivity to the meaning of words, the order among words, and the sound, rhythms, inflections, and meter of words (e.g. poet). (Sometimes called language intelligence.)

Interpersonal The ability to interact effectively with others. Sensitivity to others’ moods, feelings, temperaments and motivations (e.g. negotiator). (Sometimes called social intelligence.) Intrapersonal Sensitivity to one’s own feelings, goals, and anxieties, and the capacity to plan and act in light of one’s own traits. Naturalistic The ability to make consequential distinctions in the world of nature as, for example, between one plant and another, or one cloud formation and another (e.g. taxonomist). (Sometimes called nature intelligence.)

What are the implications of MI? Two Principal Scientific Implications: 1.Unless grossly impaired, all people possess the capacity to develop several intelligences. 2. Each person will have his or her own distinct intellectual profile. Identical twins will have similar profiles but they will be different. Two Chief Educational Implications: 1.Individuation (also termed personalization)-When teaching individuals we should take into account their configuration of intelligences. 2.Pluralization-When teaching, ideas should be presented in multiple ways in order to reach more students.

Multiple Intelligences: Activities First Grade Economics, Science, Technology and Society

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