Dakar, Senegal September 18, 2008 IPM by the Food Industry: The role of IPM in Good Agricultural Practices Hasan Bolkan, Ph.D. Davis Research & Development Davis, CA

Information provided by Adam Warren, Frito-Lay

Corporate Social Responsibility TO OUR PLANET 2 Minimize the environmental impact of our operations to meet today’s needs while supporting the needs of future generations 1 Delivering high quality, safe, affordable, and convenient foods TO OUR CONSUMERS

Public Concerns CONSUMERS 1 Concerns about pesticide residues in food ENVIRONMENT 2 Pesticides in the Environment 3 Endangering the Health of Farm Workers SAFETY

Pesticide Quality Assurance Total Systems Pesticide Management We are concentrating our efforts on four priorities 1 Hands on application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 2 Pesticide record keeping and reporting 3 Rigorous, state-of-the-art residue testing 4 State-of-the-art processing The four elements of pesticide management work together to deliver excellence in pesticide reduction and quality assurance

Agricultural Sustainability Leadership Track Assessment Campbell’s Agricultural Sustainability Roadmap Step 1 Alignment on sustainability Determine level of sustainable ag practices being employed by growers Step 2 Identify influencers Define sustainable agriculture indicators Establish sustainable agriculture initiatives Step 3 Develop Campbell research priorities supporting indicators and initiatives Work with growers, Universities and NGO’s to identify, test and implement sustainable practices Execute on a commercial scale Verify practices at grower level Step 4 Adaptive changes based on research and monitoring/verification Promote good agricultural practices among all suppliers/ growers Speak the same language as your regulators, customers, and consumers

Water supply Use Research Priorities Focus Areas Reduced volume irrigation (Drip irrigation) Better crop management Identify drought resistant varieties Soil Erosion Management Water Management Soil Management To improve soil quality (mulches, cover crops) Reduced tillage Crop diversification/Crop rotation Research Priorities for Sustainable Agricultural Practices Soil inputs Management Managing Nitrate runoffs Preservation of wild life Cover crops Pest/Disease Management New IPM strategies : Environmentally friendly pesticides, Use of beneficials Disease resistant Varieties

The Challenge  Reduces Synthetic Pesticide Use  Maintain/Reduce Pest Management Cost  Maintain/Improve Quality

Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens of Tomatoes Early Blight Black Mold Verticillium Phytophtora Root Rot Late Blight Bacterial Speck Bacterial spot

Viruses affecting tomatoes TYLCV Alfalfa mosaic Tobacco mosaic Tomato Spotted Wilt

Helicoverpa spp. Insects/Nematodes affecting tomatoes Tomato pinworm Armyworm Root Knot Nematode Fruitworm

Campbell’s IPM Strategies — Disease Free Seeds — Disease/Pest Resistant Varieties — Biological Control (Parasitic Wasps) — Mating Confusion (Sex Pheromones) — Biological Pesticides (Bts.) — Forecasting Systems (TOM-CAST) — Risk Assessment (GIS/GPS) — Judicious Use of Synthetic Pesticides

Beneficial Insects: Biological Control

Trichogramma pretiosum

Managing Insect Pests: Mating Confusion

 Disease forecasting (TOM-CAST) Managing Fungal Diseases

Managing Viruses: Risk Assessment Maps

Management Strategies for Geminiviruses  Mandatory 2-3-month whitefly host-free period — Tomato, common bean, cucurbits, eggplant, pepper, weeds  Regional Management — Whitefly management was regional not local  Planting early varieties followed by TYLCV resistant varieties — Varieties with days maturity

Impact of IPM on Synthetic Pesticide use on Celery: California Applications/Acre Management Practices and Production Year 100 %

Impact of IPM on Synthetic Fungicide use on Carrots: Michigan/Ohio Applications/Acre Management Practices and Production Year 85.7 %

Impact of IPM on Synthetic Fungicide use on processing tomatoes: Mexico Management Practices and Production Year Fungicide Applications/ha

Impact of IPM on Synthetic Insecticides use on Processing Tomatoes: Mexico Applications (a.i)/ha Management Practices and Production Year

Impact of IPM on Synthetic Pesticide use on Jalapeno Peppers: Mexico Pre - IPM IPM Applications/Acre 7.5

Cost of Pest Management: Conventional vs. IPM $467.2 $311.5 Insecticide Cost (dollars/ha)

Cost of Disease Management: Conventional vs. IPM Fungicide Costs (dollars/ha ) $ 482 $181 $304

Campbell’s Current Good Agricultural Practices  Campbell’s works “hands on” with its tomato growers to promote and ensure the use of : — transplants to reduce herbicides and conserve water — disease resistant varieties to eliminate pesticide usage — integrated pest management (IPM) practices to reduce synthetic insecticide usage — conservation tillage to reduce fuel, dust, emission, water runoff, and soil erosion — 2-3 years of crop rotation to minimize diseases — cover cropping to improve soil texture — habitat management, such as replanting ditches with native vegetation and preservation of wetlands

IPM Helps to Build a Sustainable Supply Chain, from Farm to Table SuppliersMANUFACTURINGDistributionCustomersConsumers Purchase high-quality Ingredients produced by local farmers Energy and water conservation Waste management and recycling Reduce Environmental impact Partner with our Customer on Sustainability initiatives Sustainable packaging

THANK YOU

The pests/diseases in Mexico  Insect Pests – Tomato Pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella) – Yellow striped Armyworm (S. ornithogalli) – Tomato Fruit worm (Helicoverpa zea)  Diseases – Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) – Gemini-Viruses

The Pests/Diseases in California  Insect Pests – Yellow striped Armyworm (S. ornithogalli) – Tomato Fruit worm (Helicoverpa zea) – Aphids  Diseases – Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) – Black Mold (Alternaria alternata)

Jalapeno Pepper Rejections Due to Pesticide Residues Above Tolerance

Synthetic Pesticide Usage (%) The switch

Eternal Triangle Sustainability Social Responsibility (to growers, community, shareholders) Environmental Responsibility (conserve natural resources) Generate Revenues