Toxicology Drugs and Poisons.

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Presentation transcript:

Toxicology Drugs and Poisons

What is Poison? Anything can be a poison A poison is any substance that, when taken in sufficient quantities, causes a harmful or deadly reaction

In other words… A poison is basically a substance that either harms you or kills you The key: Sufficient Quantities Example: arsenic, water intoxication, oxygen doping

To you… What does “sufficient quantities” mean?

Intoxicant vs. Poison Intoxicant: requires that you ingest a rather large amount to be lethal Poison: only requires you to ingest a small amount

Context Clues: What does INGEST mean? What does LETHAL mean?

Toxicology Toxicology deals with drugs, poisons, and other toxic substances, and how these substances alter or harm living organisms (particularly humans)

Forensic Toxicology A forensic toxicologist: Finds a toxin and figures out what would happen to a person that ingested/contacted it

Looking for toxins… Most toxins don’t change the body Therefore, the toxicologist must look for other evidence in body fluids

A note on metals: Metallic elements also cause disease and death Iron, mercury, lead, and copper all lead to serious health problems Mercury, lead, arsenic, and other metals can kill

Collecting Samples Blood Most useful sample! Modern technology can reveal almost all poisons and their metabolites Urine Doesn’t show how much or when the toxin/drug was ingested

Collecting Samples Stomach Contents Are removed, washed, and tested. Doesn’t relate to how much was in the blood Liver Location where most drugs are metabolized. Can show level of drugs moments before death

Collecting Samples Vitreous Humor Liquid of the eyeball- resistant to decay Hair Absorbs heavy metals and provides a time line Insects Test insects that feed on dead bodies when the body is very decomposed

Levels of drugs in the body: Normal Level expected in the normal population Therapeutic Level a doctor wants a patient to reach on prescription medicine

Levels of drugs in the body: Toxic A level that may cause harm (nausea, vomiting, etc.) Lethal Level that consistently causes death