Map Projection & Coordinate Systems

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Presentation transcript:

Map Projection & Coordinate Systems ArcView_module_6 May 13, 1:30 PM

Outline Map Projection Coordinate Systems Setting a Map Projection in ArcView Manipulating a Map Scale in ArcView

Map Projection Map Projection Transforming three-dimensional space onto a two-dimensional map Curved Earth surface Flat Map

Map Projection Projection Types Projections can be conceptually created by projecting from one geometric shape (a sphere) onto another (a cone, cylinder, or plane) Cylindrical: projects a sphere onto a cylinder Conic: projects a sphere onto a cone Planar: projects a sphere onto a plane.

Cylindrical Projection Map Projection Cylindrical Projection Good for displaying the world

Conic Projection Map Projection Good for displaying mid-latitude area such as U.S.

Planar Projection Map Projection Good for displaying hemisphere with one focus

Point or Line of Tangency Map Projection Point or Line of Tangency Point or line of zero distortion Projection distortion increases with distance from the point of contact Point for planar projection Line for conic/cylindrical projection

Point or Line of Tangency Map Projection Point or Line of Tangency Cylindrical/Conic projections have Standard parallel (line of tangency) Central meridian Planar projections have Reference latitude (point of tangency)

Coordinate Systems Coordinate Systems Defined based on a variety of geodetic datums, map projections, units, and reference systems

Datum Used as a reference as in surveying or mapping Coordinate Systems Datum Used as a reference as in surveying or mapping Based on the Spheroid (earth model) Usually referred to as a keyword (e.g. NAD83, WGS84)

Coordinate Systems Datum

Spherical vs Planar Spherical Planar Dimension 3 2 Projection no yes Coordinate Systems Spherical vs Planar Spherical Planar Dimension 3 2 Projection no yes Latitude Longitude

Global vs Local Global Local feature Used globally Coordinate Systems Global vs Local Global Local feature Used globally Specific to local area example Geographic UTM State Plane National Grid

Choosing a Map Projection Setting a Map Projection in ArcView Choosing a Map Projection depends on Which region to display (e.g. world, north pole, equator, US) Resolution of the region Geometric properties of the region Purpose of using maps such that the distortion can be minimized

Setting a Map Projection in ArcView View Properties menu In ArcView. a view's map projection can only be set if the map units of the spatial data it contains are decimal degrees

Manipulating a Map Scale in ArcView Term definition Map units are the units which the spatial data is stored in Map scale is the relationship between the dimensions of a map and the dimensions of the Earth Distance units are the units used by ArcView to report the result of operations (e.g. measurement (measure tool), dimension of shape (draw tool), dimension of selection box (select feature tool))