Proteins Digestion and absorption

Proteins HCl pepsin Exopeptidases Enterokinase Bicarbonate Pancreatic proteases

Proteins Active enzyme Synthesized as zymogens (proenzymes) Proteolytic enzymes

Proteins Proteolytic enzymes Exopeptidases Polypeptidases – Aminopeptidases – carboxypeptidases Tripeptidases Dipeptidases Endopeptidases Pepsin Trypsin Chymotrysin Elastase

Proteins Stomach PepsinogenPepsin H+

Proteins Exocrine pancreas CCK Zymogens Secretin

Proteins Activation of pancreatic zymogens Trypsinogen Trypsin ChymotrypsinogenchymotrypsinProelastaseElastaseProcarboxypeptidaseCarboxypeptidase

Proteins Trypsin Ariginine Lysine Ariginine Lysine Dr Fatahiya Kashif

Proteins Chymotrypsin Acidic Hydrophobic Acidic Hydrophobic

Proteins Elastase Alanine Glycine Serine Alanine Glycine Serine

Proteins Carboxypeptidase Hydrophobic Basic Hydrophobic Basic

Proteins Intestinal enzymes Exopeptidases – Brush border – Within the cell Enterokinase Exopeptidases – Brush border – Within the cell Enterokinase

Proteins Aminopeptidase

Proteins …AND ALLAH DOTH INCREASE IN GUIDANCE THOSE WHO SEEK GUIDANCE; AND THE THINGS THAT ENDURE, GOOD DEEDS, ARE BEST IN THE SIGHT OF THY LORD, AS REWARDS, AND THE BEST IN RESPECT OF EVENTUAL RETURNS. 76-MARYAM; AL-QURAN

Proteins Absorption of amino acids

Proteins Transport systems Free amino acids – Sodium linked secondary transport Di and tri peptides – H+ linked transport system Portal vein – Liver – General circulation Free amino acids – Sodium linked secondary transport Di and tri peptides – H+ linked transport system Portal vein – Liver – General circulation

Proteins Na+ 3Na+ 2K+

Proteins Na+

Proteins Na+

Proteins Na+

Proteins Na+

Proteins Na+

Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Glu Glu Cys CysGly Glu Glu

Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Cys Cys Gly Glu Glu 5-oxoproline 5-oxoproline

Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Cys Cys Gly 5-oxoproline 5-oxoproline ATPADP Glu

Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Cys Cys Gly ATPADP Glu

Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Gly ATPADP Glu Glu Cys Cys

Proteins Gamma glutamyl cycle Glu Glu Cys CysGly Gly Glu Glu

Proteins GLUTATHIONE GSH GSH GSSG GSSG

Proteins Digestion and absorption of proteins Disorders

Proteins Disorders Cystic fibrosis Cystinuria Hartnup disease Kwashiorkor Cystic fibrosis Cystinuria Hartnup disease Kwashiorkor

Proteins Cystic Fibrosis

Proteins Cystic Fibrosis Defect in function of chloride channels in pancreatic secretory ducts Inspissation of pancreatic exocrine secretions Eventual obstruction of ducts Defect in function of chloride channels in pancreatic secretory ducts Inspissation of pancreatic exocrine secretions Eventual obstruction of ducts

Proteins Cystic Fibrosis Recurrent infections Poor growth Foul smelling bulky stools Recurrent infections Poor growth Foul smelling bulky stools

Proteins Cystic Fibrosis Commercial enzyme preparations

Proteins Hartnup disease Autosomal recessive disorder Transport of neutral aminoacids across both intestinal and renal epithilial cells Autosomal recessive disorder Transport of neutral aminoacids across both intestinal and renal epithilial cells Dr Fatahiya Kashif

Proteins Hartnup disease Essential Isoleucine Leucine Phenylanaline Threonine Tryptophan Valine Nonessential Alanine Serine Tyrosine

Proteins Hartnup disease C/F Asymptomatic Pallegra like symptoms Neuropsychiatric Treatment Niacin C/F Asymptomatic Pallegra like symptoms Neuropsychiatric Treatment Niacin

Proteins Cystinuria Defect in absorption of Cystine Ornithine Arginine Lysine C/F Appearance of these amino acids in urine Cystine stones Treatment Oral hydration Defect in absorption of Cystine Ornithine Arginine Lysine C/F Appearance of these amino acids in urine Cystine stones Treatment Oral hydration

Proteins Kwashiorkor Deficiency of protein in diet which is adequate in calories C/F Muscle wasting Edema Deficiency of protein in diet which is adequate in calories C/F Muscle wasting Edema