Science OGT Fun Club 2010

Physical Science  Describe that matter is made of minute particles called atoms and atoms are comprised of even smaller components.  Explain the structure and properties of atoms.

Physical Sciences  Atom are made of neutrons and protons and electrons.  Electrons negative Move at speed of light and they weigh all most nothing. Outside nucleus and used in bonding  Protons positive Don’t move they shake. They weigh 1 amu (atomic mass unit) Found in the nucleus  Neutrons 0 Same as protons.

Physical Sciences  Explain how atoms react with each other to form other substances and how molecules react with each other or other atoms to form even different substances.

Physical Sciences  Molecules Share electrons Bigger atoms pull electrons closer, polarize (+, -) Between Nonmetals  Ions Give and take electrons Cations take electrons (claw) electrons away from other atoms, making them -. Anions give electrons (add) electrons. Making them +. Metals and nonmetals

Physical Sciences

 Atomic Number Top number 79 The number of protons  Symbol Latin, Name, Place, People.  Atomic Weight Big number at bottom. Average of all the isotopes.  Atomic Mass  Isotopes Same element, different number of neutrons

Physical Sciences  Describe the identifiable properties of substances (color, hardness, conductivity, density, concentration, and ductility). Explain how changes in these properties can occur with out changing the chemical nature of the substance. Physical Change Chemical Change

Physical Sciences  Explain how the movement of objects by applying Newton’s three laws of motion.  /lect/history/newton3laws.html /lect/history/newton3laws.html

Physical Sciences  Demonstrate that energy can be considered to be either kinetic (motion) or potential (stored). Potential energy Kinetic energy flash_viewer.php?oid=1429&mid=46 flash_viewer.php?oid=1429&mid=46

Physical Sciences  Explain how energy may change form or be redistributed but the total quantity of energy is conserved. The Law of Conservation of Energy

Physical Science  Demonstrate that waves (sound, seismic, water, and light) have energy and waves can transfer energy when they interact with matter.

Physical Sciences  Demonstrate that waves (sound, seismic, water, and light) have energy and waves can transfer energy when they interact with matter. sound  =Sound =Sound Seismic  h/seismic/seismic-waves-simulator.htm h/seismic/seismic-waves-simulator.htm Water  h/waves/waves.htm h/waves/waves.htm Light  =Wave_Interference =Wave_Interference

Physical Sciences  Trace the historical development of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging issues in the study of physical sciences. help.com/scientific-discoveries- timeline.htmlhttp:// help.com/scientific-discoveries- timeline.html

Physical Science: History

Earth and Space Sciences  Explain how evidence from stars and other celestial objects provide information about the process that causes changes in the composition and scale of the physical universe. PARC/bang/bang.htm PARC/bang/bang.htm

Earth and Space Sciences  Explain that many processes occur in patterns within the Earth’s systems. /atlantic.html /atlantic.html ture/visualizations/orogeny.html ture/visualizations/orogeny.html eans_weather_climate/welcome.html eans_weather_climate/welcome.html

Earth and Space Sciences  Explain the 4.5 billion-year-history of Earth and the 4 billion-year- history of life on Earth based on observable scientific evidence in the geologic period. dex.php?cat=Earth_Science dex.php?cat=Earth_Science Law of Superposition

Earth and Space Sciences  Describe the finite nature of Earth’s resources and those human activities that can conserve or deplete Earth’s resources.

Earth and Space Sciences  Explain the process that move and shape Earth’s surfaces. dex.php?cat=Earth_Science dex.php?cat=Earth_Science ps/structure/visualizations/orogeny.ht ml ps/structure/visualizations/orogeny.ht ml

Earth and Space Sciences  Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging issues in the study of Earth and space sciences. html html

Life Sciences  Explain that cells are the basic unit of structures and function of living organisms, that once life originated all cells come from pre-existing cells, and that there are a variety of cell types.  Basic units of life  We have evolved from single-celled organisms  Different cells have different jobs.

Life Science  Eukaryotic Cell Has cell membrane  Allows material to enter and leave the cell. Nucleus-contains DNA Mitochondria-energy is stored and used, contains DNA ER- transportation system within the cell Ribosomes- protein is made Vacuoles- closets, store stuff

Life Science  Cell Wall Function is protection, support, structure.  Chloroplasts Contain chlorophyll Make the plant green Function is to produce food

Life Cells  RBC Form is round Function is fit through our circulatory system  Hair Form is wide on bottom and thin at top Function is for root stability hair formation  Sperm Form head and tail Function is to swim by using the flagellum

Life Sciences  Explain the characteristics of life as indicated by cellular processes and describe the process of cell division and development. Cells must divide to reproduce. Cells produce an exact copy of the cells they replace. Cells go through phases of change.  Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

Life Science meiosis

Life Sciences  Explain the genetic mechanisms and molecular basis of inheritance. Form and function of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) Genes- traits Alleles- one part of two that make up a gene Mutations- is the only source of new genetic material Sex-linked traits- traits carried by either a male or female

Life Sciences  Explain the genetic mechanisms and molecular basis of inheritance. Genotype  What you are, in your genes Bb- heterozygous dominant brown-eyes Phenotype  What you look like, photograph Brown-eyes

Life Sciences  Explain the flow of energy and the cycling of matter through biological and ecological systems (cellular, organismal, and ecological). Starts with the Sun to primary producers to primary consumers to secondary and tertiary consumers

Life Sciences  Explain how evolutionary relationships contribute to an understanding or the unity and diversity of life.  Taxonomy Kingdom (5) Phyllum Class Order Family Genus Species  Sub-species  Homo sapien sapien  Canis lupus bailieyi  Felis domesticus

Life Sciences  Explain the structure and function of ecosystems and relate how ecosystems change over time. Biotic- living components of an ecosystem Abiotic-nonliving components of an ecosystem

Life Sciences  Describe how human activities can impact the status of natural systems. GMOs- Genetically Modified Organisms  Scientist change the organism DNA to improve its ability to live  BT- Bacilis thuringensis has been added to cotton plants to produce a poison to protect it from bugs. Killing bugs, cotton is poisonous, cotton grows faster and bigger, grow more cotton, need more land, eliminates ecosystems, food chain is disrupted, poison goes through food chain.

Life Sciences  Describe a foundation of biological evolution as the change in gene frequency of a population over time. Natural Selection- Charles Darwin “Origin of Species”- survival of fittest  Offspring are more likely to survive due to Genetic, traits, genes, alleles, mutations  Ability to reproduce  Ability to move  Ability to attract a mate  Ability to support family  Ability to get food  Genetics that allow you to grow

Life Sciences  Explain how natural selection and other evolutionary mechanisms account for the unity and diversity of past and present life forms. Natural selection determines the survival of the fittest  Separates organisms to create diversity in our world.

Life Sciences  Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging ideas.