New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 0 0 REGIONS & CENTER OPERATIONS Aviation Congestion and Flight Delays The New York Area Story Charles R. Everett, Jr., Acting Director New York Area Program Integration Office FAA Eastern Region/Penn State 31 st Annual Airport Conference Hershey, Pennsylvania March 2008 Federal Aviation Administration

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 1 1 Agenda Capacity Needs in the National Airspace System New York Metropolitan Area Flight Delay Task Force (PANY&NJ) New York Aviation Rulemaking Committee List of 77 Delay Reduction Initiatives New York Area Program Integration Office The Way Ahead Questions and Discussion

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 2 2 National Airspace System (NAS) An interconnected system of airports, air traffic facilities and equipment, navigational aids and airways.

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 3 3 Capacity Needs in the National Airspace System Future Airport Capacity Task (FACT) 291 airports, 223 metro areas Detailed capacity analysis at 56 airports -35 Operational Evolution Partnership (OEP) and 21 non-OEP ASV Ratio with TAF & FATE NAS-Wide Delay with TAF & FATE ARP, ATO, MITRE & JPDO Team On-Site Validation (airports and local air traffic control) Operational Evolution Partnership 15 metro areas (2025 w/o imp) FACT 2 Next Steps 14 airports, 8 metros (2025 w/imp)

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 4 4 OEP Airports DTW CLE PIT BOS DCA CLT TPA MCO FLL MIA MEM STL DFW IAH MSP DEN SLC PDX SEA CVG HNL PHX SAN LAX LAS ATL IAD BWI PHL EWR JFK LGA ORD MDW SFO 35 OEP Airports Accounted for 73% of Total U.S. Enplanements in CY2006

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration airports that need additional capacity 15 metro areas that need additional capacity ATL CLT ORD HOU LAS LAX MSP ATL BOS CLT EWR FLL HOU IAD IAH JFK LAS LAX LGA LGB MDW MSP OAK ORD PBI PHL PHX PVD SAN SAT SEA SFO TUS SNA If Planned Improvements Do Not Occur NY PHL PHX SEA SAN SFO SFLA DC Capacity Needs in the National Airspace System

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration airports that need additional capacity 8 metro areas that need additional capacity After Planned Improvements ATL EWR FLL JFK LAS LGA LGB MDW OAK PHL PHX SAN SFO SNA Atlanta Las Vegas Los Angeles New York Philadelphia Phoenix San Diego San Francisco n Capacity Needs in the National Airspace System

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 7 7 Capacity Needs in the National Airspace System Assumptions-OEP airports Detailed improvements modeled in 2025

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 8 8 Capacity Needs in the National Airspace System NextGen Impact NextGen improvements reduced the total minutes of queue delay at the 56 airports by 25 to 35 percent. Although 2025 ATM assumptions show a positive effect in the FACT analysis, FACT should not be considered a detailed analysis of NextGen benefits.

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 9 9 Capacity Needs in the National Airspace System and OEP Metro Areas 15 metro areas that will need additional capacity

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 10 Ten Most Populous U.S. Metropolitan Areas RankMetropolitan Statistical AreaPopulation (2005) (+%) FACT/OEP METRO New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NY-PA 18,774, ■ 2 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA 12,924, ■ 3 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI 9,443, ■ 4 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ- DE-MD 5,823, ■ 5 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 5,819, Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL 5,422, ■ 7 Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX 5,280, ■ 8 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA- MD-WV 5,215, ■ 9 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA 4,918, ■ 10 Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI 4,488, Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, April 1, 2000, and July 1, 2005

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New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 12

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 13 LaGuardia (LGA) John F. Kennedy International (JFK) Newark Liberty International (EWR) Allentown-Bethlehem (ABE) Westchester County (HPN) Stewart International (SWF) Islip Long Island Mac Arthur (ISP) Atlantic City (ACY) Trenton (TTN) Source: FAA Regional Air Service Demand Study, May Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and the New York State Department of Transportation.

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 14 John F. Kennedy (JFK) Airport Operator: PANY&NJ Location: On Jamaica Bay in the southeastern section of Queens County, New York City. 15 miles from midtown Manhattan. Airlines: 80 Daily average non-stop departures: 536 Size: 4,930 acres Opened: 1942, $150M Investment: $5B Regional economic activity: $28B 229,000 jobs $9.8B wages and salaries Lease: New York City, $218M Delay Reduction Program proposed Source: 2006 Airport Traffic Report, PANY&NJ

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 15 Newark Liberty (EWR) Airport Operator: PANY&NJ Location: In Essex and Union counties between the NJ Turnpike, US Routes 1 and 9 and I miles from midtown Manhattan. Airlines: 50 Daily average non-stop departures: 592 Size: 2,027 acres Opened: 1928, $8.2M Investment: $3.9B Regional economic activity: $18.5B 157,000 jobs $6.7B wages and salaries Lease: City of Newark, Source: 2006 Airport Traffic Report, PANY&NJ

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 16 LaGuardia (LGA) Airport Operator: PANY&NJ Location: In the Borough of Queens, New York City, bordering on Flushing Bay and bowers Bay. 8 miles from midtown Manhattan. Airlines: 25 Daily average non-stop departures: 563 Size: 680 acres Opened: 1929, $40M Investment: $1.3B Regional economic activity: $11B 100,000 jobs $4B wages and salaries Lease: City of New York, Source: 2006 Airport Traffic Report, PANY&NJ

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 17 Stewart (SWF) Airport Operator: PANY&NJ Location: Newburgh/New Windsor, New York at the intersection of the New York State Thruway (I87) and I miles north of New York City. Airlines: 5 Daily average non-stop departures: 50 Size: 2,400 acres Opened: 1939 Investment: $78.5M Lease: November years $500M Capital Program Source: Stewart International Airport (SWF) Facts, PANY&NJ

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 18 Teterboro (TEB) Airport Owner and Operator: PANY&NJ Location: In the Boroughs of Teterboro and Moonachie in Bergen County, NJ. 12 miles from midtown Manhattan. General Aviation Reliever Size: 827 acres Opened: 1917, $8.2M Investment: $175M Regional economic activity: $1.8B 15,500 jobs $670M wages and salaries Source: 2006 Airport Traffic Report, PANY&NJ

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 19 U.S. Airport Ranking by Passengers 2006 RankCity / AirportTotal PassengersTotal Operations 1Atlanta (ATL)84,846,639976,447 2Chicago (ORD)77,028,134958,643 3Los Angeles (LAX)61,041,066656,842 4Dallas / Ft Worth (DFW)60,226,138699,773 5Denver (DEN)47,325,016598,489 6Las Vegas (LAS)46,193,329619,486 7New York (JFK)43,762,282378,389 8Houston (IAH)42,550,432602,672 9Phoenix (PHX)41,436,737546,510 10Newark (EWR)36,724,167444,374 11Detroit (DTW)35,972,673481,740 12Minneapolis / St Paul (MSP)35,612,133475,668 13Orlando (MCO)34,640,451350,119 14San Francisco (SFO)33,574,807359,201 15Miami (MIA)32,533,974384,477 16Philadelphia (PHL)31,768,272515,869 17Seattle (SEA)29,979,097340,058 18Charlotte (CLT)29,693,949509,559 19Boston (BOS)27,725,443406,119 20New York (LGA)26,571,146399,827 Source: Airports Council International-North America, 2007

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 20 New York Area Major Airports Activity AirportPassengers 2007 John F. Kennedy (JFK)47,716,941 LaGuardia (LGA)24,985,264 Newark (EWR)36,367,240 Stewart (SWF) Total109,983,372 Source: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, March 2008

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 21 New York Area Major Airports Activity Airport Operations: Actual 2005 Forecast 2025 John F. Kennedy (JFK)360,007747,484 LaGuardia (LGA)408,991415,859 Newark (EWR)440,889676,037 Stewart (SWF)112,962104,956 Total1,322,8491,944,336 Source: Federal Aviation Administration, Aviation Policy & Plans, Terminal Area Forecast, December 2007

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 22 Aviation Delays On-Time Arrival Performance, January – December 2007 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Airline Service Quality Performance 234, March 2008

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 23 Aviation Delays On-Time Arrival Performance, January – December 2007 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Airline Service Quality Performance 234, March 2008

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 24 Aviation Delays On-Time Arrival Performance, January – December 2007 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Airline Service Quality Performance 234, March 2008

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 25 Aviation Delays On-Time Arrival Performance, January – December 2007 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Airline Service Quality Performance 234, March 2008

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 26 Aviation Delays On-Time Arrival Performance, January – December 2007 Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Airline Service Quality Performance 234, March 2008 New York airports compared to National average for On-Time arrivals and NAS-Wide Delays demonstrates local area delays.

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 27 Port Authority Flight Delay Task Force Established June 2007 by the Chairman, Anthony R. Coscia and Executive Director Anthony E. Shorris Mission - To develop recommendations for mitigating congestion and reducing flight delays, as well as to propose recommendations for improving the customer experience during extensive flight delays. Composed of representatives from various stakeholder groups:  Major airline senior executives  FAA officials  State and local officials  Representatives of terminal operators  Other local business leaders  Transportation advocates  Port Authority of New York and New Jersey staff Subcommittees (2) -Technical and Customer Service Working Groups Term-6 months Report Issued: November 29, 2007

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 28 Port Authority Flight Delay Task Force Technical Working Group identified 77 recommendations:  Procedural Address modifications to air traffic control procedures—the rules that govern runway occupancy, spacing between aircraft, flight routes, airspace navigation and the use of runways (Increases number of operations per hour at airports).  Technological Focus on underutilized technologies, including satellite-based, such as text- based communication and GPS (Provides more info to pilots and controllers regarding air traffic conditions. The precision of the technologies improve safety and permit aircraft to use ground and airspace more efficiently).  Capital Consider major construction projects that change the infrastructure of the airport to make it more accommodating to larger numbers of flights, more simultaneous operations and bigger aircraft. These include additions and rehabilitations on taxiways and runways at JFK, LGA and EWR (Improves surface movement and overall operations).

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 29 Port Authority Flight Delay Task Force Customer Service Working Group identified 19 recommendations that, taken together, address three deficiencies:  Need for improved communications with passengers - Create and implement a communications plan.  Lack of coordination among service providers - Improve coordination of existing customer service programs and expand use of community–wide programs.  Lack of planning and coordination with accommodation providers and transportation services in the event of extended delays - Enhance airport accommodations and transportation planning.

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 30 New York Aviation Rulemaking Committee Chartered September 27, 2007 by Secretary of Transportation Mary Peters. Mission – To explore ideas to ensure that any action undertaken by the Federal Government would be fully informed and avoid unintended consequences. To identify ideas that would reduce congestion, efficiently allocate the scarce capacity of New York area airports, and do both without creating major disruptions. Composed of representatives from various stakeholder groups:  Officials from the Office of the Secretary of Transportation  FAA officials  Port Authority of New York and New Jersey  State of New York  Airlines  Consumer groups  Other interested parties Subcommittees (5) Term: 3 months Report Issued: December 13, 2007

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 31 New York Aviation Rulemaking Committee Working Group 1: Operational/Infrastructure Improvement – New York Airspace Czar, General Aviation, Voluntary Reductions Working Group 2: Congestion Pricing, Auctions, and Aircraft Gauge Working Group 3: Gate Utilization and Perimeter Rule Working Group 4: Priority Aviation Traffic Preferences Working Group 5: IATA Scheduling Guidelines, Other Administrative Options

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 32 New York Aviation Rulemaking Committee Working Group 1:  List of 77 (five categories) - Efficient airport surface movement - Departure efficiency - Arrival efficiency - Regional airspace efficiency - Technology 17 items to be completed by Summer 2008  Focus on excessive spacing on final approach, runway/taxiway improvements, 2 nd J80 airway, and surface management systems.

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 33 List of 77 Initiatives

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 34 ASDE-X Deployment

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New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 36 JOHN F. KENNEDY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AIRPORTS CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLAN (ACIP) AVG. ANNUAL DELAY TOTAL ANNUAL YEARPROJECT TOTAL COST REDUCTION (MIN. PER OP) DELAY SAVINGS SHORT-TERM 2008TAXIWAY B EXTENSION$31M1.2$56.9M 2008CONSTRUCT TAXIWAY KC (4L BYPASS)$3.6M0.6$25.9M 2009EXTEND TAXIWAY K$17.8M0.4$20.0M 2009EXTEND TAXIWAY FB (22R END)$5.4MN/A 2009RUNWAY 13R-31L IMPROVEMENTS$148M1.0$49.0M 2010RW 31L TAXIWAY ACCESS IMP.$16M0.8$32.5M 2010SW QUADRANT TAXIWAY IMP.$30M0.3$16.1M 2011EXTEND TAXIWAY KB (PARALLEL TO K)$13.8M0.9$42.7M COMPOSITE DELAY REDUCTION FOR ALL SHORT-TERM PROJECTS (7% TOTAL): 2.6$122M MEDIUM-TERM 2013NEW TAXIWAY SOUTH OF RW 31L$94MN/A 2014NEW APRON & DEICING FACILITIESN/A 2015EXTEND TAXIWAY FA (31R END)$35MN/A 2015EXTEND TAXIWAY FB (CARGO AREA)$47MN/A TOTAL:$442MN/A *PLEASE NOTE THAT TIMEFRAMES, COST & DELAY REDUCTION ARE PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES JFK Delay Reduction Program

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 37 New York Area Program Integration Office To oversee the integration of all FAA activities, projects and initiatives to address aviation congestion and flight delays in the New York area, particularly those requiring interagency interaction and communication.

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 38 SuppliersProcessCustomers INPUTSOUTPUTS Process Owner(s) Technology/ Application Stakeholders INTERACTION ANALYSIS INTERNAL INTERACTION ANALYSIS System Ops Services (25)Airline SchedulesNYARCSTATList of (77) InitiativesSystem Ops Services Terminal Services (21)Passenger DemandMeetingsBriefingsTerminal Services En Route Oceanic Ser (13)Airline Business ModelsModeling & AnalysisDocumentationEn Route Oceanic Ser Airports (6)GeographyProgram DevelopmentReportsAirports Safety Services (4)InfrastructureProcedures DevelopmentTestimony / ReleasesSafety Services Technical Ops Services (4)ForecastsImplementationProceduresTechnical Ops Serv Ops Planning Services (3)RegulationsCoordinationRegulationsOps Planning Services Aviation Safety (1)ProceduresCommunicationInfrastructureAviation Safety Contractors / MITRENASIntegrationNextGenContractors / MITRE OEP / JPDOFACT 2TrackingOEP / JPDO Air Traffic Organization Aviation Policy & Plans Airports Aviation Safety Communications / Government Secretary of Transportation Administrator / Deputy Eastern Regional Administrator Regions & Center Operations Counsel

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 39 SuppliersProcessCustomers INPUTSOUTPUTS Process Owner(s) Technology/ Application Stakeholders INTERACTION ANALYSIS EXTERNAL INTERACTION ANALYSIS PANY&NJAirline SchedulesModeling & AnalysisList of 77 InitiativesPANY&NJ AirlinesPassenger DemandMeetingsBriefingsAirlines PassengersAirline Business ModelsRulemakingDocumentationPassengers Airport(s) NeighborsGeographyNYARCSTATReportsAirport(s) Neighbors Airway CommunitiesInfrastructureHearingsTestimony / ReleasesAirway Communities ControllersRegulationsInterviewsRegulationsControllers ProceduresCoordinationProcedure CommunicationInfrastructure Integration Tracking PANY&NJ Airlines / ATA NBAA Controllers / NATCA General Public Congress / GAO Media Passengers Airport(s) Neighbors Airway Communities

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 40 The Way Ahead 17 short-term initiatives (STI) of the total List of 77 to be completed by the start of Summer Meeting with customers and other stakeholders from both groups (Port Authority Flight Delay Task Force and the Federal New York Aviation Rulemaking Committee) to be held Spring 2008 to determine next set of delay reduction priorities. Analysis of long-term initiatives to be accomplished to determine estimates of potential delay reduction benefits. Development and implementation of plan to make New York Area Program Integration Office fully operational.

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 41 Questions & Discussion

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 42 List of Works Consulted Airport Master Plans, Advisory Circular 150/5070-6B, U.S. Department of Transportation, FAA, July 29, 2005 Airport Planning & Management, Second Edition, Alexander T. Wells, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992 Capacity Needs in the National Airspace System , Federal Aviation Administration and The MITRE Corporation Center for Advanced Aviation System Development, May 2007 Flight Delay Task Force Report, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Flight Delay Task Force, November 29, 2007 National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) , Federal Aviation Administration, September 2006 Next Generation Air Transportation System, Integrated Plan, Joint Planning and Development Office, December 2007 New York Aviation Rulemaking Committee Report, New York Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC), December 13, 2007 New York Regional Air Service Demand Study, Federal Aviation Administration, May 2007 Planning & Design of Airports, Fourth Edition, Robert Horonjeff, Francis X. McKelvey, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994 Strategic Airport Planning, Robert E. Caves, Geoffrey D. Gosling, Pergamon, 1999 The Airport System Planning Process, Advisory Circular 150/5070-7, U.S. Department of Transportation, FAA, November 10, 2004 The National Economic Impact of Civil Aviation, DRIWEFA, Inc., The Campbell-Hill Aviation Group, Inc., July 2002 Greater New York City satellite image provided by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), September 2, 2002 “Looking South From Top of the Rock (Rockefeller Center), New York City”, by David Schwen, Licensed by the Creative Commons Attribute Sharalike 2.5, Wikimedia Commons.

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 43 Backup Slides

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 44 Airport Runway Projects PlanningEnvironmental Support/Opposition DesignConstruction 2 years2-3 years 3-5 years 1-2 years2-3 years Generalized Schedule, 10 years Local project sponsor Federal, state and local agencies Local community and interest groups Local project sponsor and consultants Local project sponsor, consultants and contractors Master Plan/ALP, (purpose and need, forecasts, alternatives analysis) B/C Analysis, ACIP NEPA / Environmental Assessment / FONSI; Environmental Impact Statement/ROD (Categorical Exclusion) Airport Neighbors Chambers of Commerce NRDC Sierra Club Wetland and Noise mitigation Contaminated soil Endangered species Historic Landmarks Funding (Airport bonds, PFC, AIP, Airlines, other) Land acquisition and relocations Environmental Mitigation & Permitting Consensus building Litigation Aquifers/Landfills Archaeological sites Cost estimates vs. actual

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 45 Anticipated Future System Capacity Limitations During the next two decades, demand will increase, creating a need for a system that: (1) can provide two to three times the current air vehicle operations; (2) is agile enough to accommodate a changing fleet that includes very light jets (VLJs), unmanned aircraft systems (UASs), and space vehicles; (3) addresses security and national defense requirements; and (4) can ensure that aviation remains an economically viable industry. Planning for a Range of Futures

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 46 A. Pax/Cargo Demand B. Fleet Mix/ Aircraft Types C. Business Model/ Schedule Future Fleet Mix and Business Model Assumptions 1)Current (1X) 2)TAF Growth to 2014 & 2025 (1.2X, 1.4X) 1)2X TAF Based Constrained Growth 2)3X TAF 1) Current Scaled 2) More Regional Jets 3) New & Modified Vehicles VLJs UAVs E-STOL/RIA SST Cleaner/ Quieter 1)Current (mostly Hub & Spoke) 2)More Point to Point + Regional Airports 3)Massive Small Airport Utilization Future Scenarios Hub and Spoke: Current fleet mix and business model (both hub and spoke and low cost carrier point to point) Business Shift: Growth beyond OEP airport capacities comes from smaller aircraft (approx 100 passenger) and new flights at under-utilized regional airports near OEP airports

New York Area Program Integration Office Federal Aviation Administration 47 Additional 2025 Delay Reduction at OEP Airports due to assumed improvements, including NextGen NAS-Wide Average Arrival Delay using TAF Forecast