Age of Industry Four “I”s –Ideas –Industry –Imperialism –Independence

Part I: Ideas and Independence

Bellwork Are people naturally good or evil? What are rights? Do human beings have natural rights? What are the pros and cons of monarchy? What are the pros and cons of democracy?

How to Make the Perfect Government

What are the pros and cons of monarchy?

Louis XIV  DATE AND PLACE: 1600s, France  IDEAL FORM OF GOV.: Absolute Monarchy, “I am the state”  REASONING: Divine Right  CAN THE PEOPLE BE TRUSTED? They are to obey. /sitebuilderpictures/louis-xiv-of-france.jpg

Absolute MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy The belief that the king gets his power from God and answers only to GodThe belief that the king gets his power from God and answers only to God

Thomas Hobbes  DATE AND PLACE: 1600s, England  IDEAL FORM OF GOV.:Monarchy  REASONING:governments are created to protect people from their own evil ways  State of Nature: bad  CAN THE PEOPLE BE TRUSTED? NO way!!! “... Perpetual and restless desire [for] power... That ceases only in death.”

Social Contract People give up rights to be protected by the monarch/King or QueenPeople give up rights to be protected by the monarch/King or Queen An agreement between ruler and subjectAn agreement between ruler and subject

John Locke  DATE AND PLACE: 1600s, England  English philosophe  State of nature: good

Social ContractSocial Contract Gov is an agreement between people and rulerGov is an agreement between people and ruler –Gov protect citizen’s RIGHTS –People obey law –If gov does NOT protect citizen’s rights, it can be overthrown!!! Locke believed that people have natural, God given rights:Locke believed that people have natural, God given rights: –Life –Liberty –property

Rousseau  DATE AND PLACE:1700s, France  IDEAL FORM OF GOV.: Direct Democracy  State of nature: good  REASONING:people should rule themselves, and vote for every law. Any law not ratified by the people is “no law at all”  Against divine right- thought the power of the government comes from the people!  CAN THE PEOPLE BE TRUSTED? Yes.

Voltaire French philosopheFrench philosophe Believed in freedom of speech and religionBelieved in freedom of speech and religion Was against the slave tradeWas against the slave trade Many of his books were outlawed and burnedMany of his books were outlawed and burned

Consequences American Revolution French Revolution Latin American Revolutions

America: The Great Experiment

The Colonies Get Mad What events angered the colonists? Stamp Act Sugar Act Boston Massacre

Declaration of Independence “... They are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” What Enlightenment thinker did Jefferson borrow this from?

Thomas Jefferson wrote the “Declaration of Independence” and it was passed July 4,

- This lead to the Revolutionary War. -Ideas have CONSEQUENCES!!!

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

I. The Old Regime Privileged Estates- –First Estate- CLERGY Owned 10% of land Gave 2% to Gov. –Second Estate- Rich Nobles About 2% of population Owned 20% of land Payed almost no taxes

The Third Estate- Everyone else Resented the upper estates

Disaster Looms Causes: Enlightenment Ideas –Words like equality, liberty, democracy were being used in the third estates –American Revolution inspired many Economic Woes –Heavy taxes weakened trade –1780s Famine doubled price of bread –King Louis XVI extravagant spending –Borrowed money to help Americans Weak Leader –Louis XVI more interested in hunting than governing –Queen Marie Antoinette spent lavishly –Faced bankruptcy –Tried to tax the Second Estate- Uh-oh... They called for a meeting of the ESTATES GENERAL with representatives from each of the three estates to solve the problem

Storming the Bastille –Louis no longer trusted his soldiers. Called for Swiss mercenaries. –French citizens panicked –The Bastille was a Paris prison. –July 14, French citizens invaded and took control of the Bastiile- this became a symbol of the revolution

Declaration of the Rights of Man –Like our Bill of Rights- Drafted by the National Assembly –inspired by Enlightenment ideas and Declaration of Independence. –Equal justice, freedom of speech, freedom of religion

Maximilien Robespierre –Wipe out every trace of monarchy and nobility- decks of cards were even changed –Changed calendar- more “scientific” –Anti- Christian- No Sundays on the new calendar- they thought religion was dangerous Reign of Terror –To “protect” the revolution –Got ridiculous- former revolutionary leaders killed, kid who chopped down a “liberty” tree was killed –Up to 40,000 killed during this period

July National Convention had Robespierre guillotined. “Down with the tyrant!”

CONSEQUENCES OF A FAILED REVOLUTION WHEN YOU COME IN: 1.Get a book 2.Take 5 minutes to look over pages As a group, make a list of three key points you learn about Napoleon JUST BY SCANNING through the chapter.

The French Revolution taught many countries that... Democracy and Freedom are dangerous. They lead to chaos!!!

Congress of Vienna Attempt to restore stability Protect monarchy Holy Alliance: Russia, Austria, Prussia- Stamp out revolutions Balance of power

Other Revolutions 1848 Revolutions –Attempt to bring democratic freedoms –Began in France –Spread to everywhere but Britain (fairly democratic already) and Russia (harsh and stomped out rebels) –Basically failed- Prussia and Austria- constitutions Haiti- Chapter 25 Latin America- Chapter 25