IOM International Organization for Migration OIM Organización Internacional para las Migraciones Quebec, Canada, February 2009 TEMPORARY LABOUR MIGRATION PROGRAM GUATEMALA - CANADA Günther Müssig

 Part of Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP) and according to NOC, classification C and D as low- skilled  Private initiative based, MOU between FERME and IOM  Carried out by Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Labour with technical assistance of IOM  Started 2003 in Québec with 215 workers and expanded to other 4 Canadian Provinces. In 2008: 3,313 workers  Started in agriculture and expanded to other sectors, such as poultry farms, landscaping, laundry, construction, etc. LABOUR MIGRATION TO CANADA

 Recruitment upon request of employers’ organizations, i.e. FERME, FARMS, WALI or individual employers  Recruitment criteria:  Demand of employers and special requirements for type of work  In accordance with local economy  Poverty rate  Operational cost of USD 120 is covered by tax exemption  Upfront cost for workers less USD 340 to pay before departure: USD 160 for visa, USD 75 for medex, USD 70 for airport tax, and USD 36 for medical insurance for family members in Guatemala.  No external recruitment agents involved  No recommendations accepted from any institutions or organizations OPERATIONAL ASPECTS

PROCESS OF THE PROGRAM 1.Recruitment; 2.Processing Recruitment Form; 3.Handling of documents required from workers; 4.Payment of expenses; 5.Sending visa request to the Embassy of Canada; 6.Medical examination; 7.Workers requirements; 8.Appointment of workers according to requirements; 9.HRSDC Request (Work Permit); 10.Obtaining visas; 11.Briefing for travel; 12.Airport Assistance 13.Protection of workers in Canada; 14.Contact and evaluation after workers return; 15.Additional products that strengthen the Program  Remittance banking  Medical Plan for the families of workers

 Whole process for temporary foreign workers starts with LMO (Labour Market Opinion)  Employer has to prove that no national or permanent resident is available to carry out that work. No potentially negative impact on the level of employment.  Establishes wages, which are higher than minimum wage.  Important is that foreign workers do not lower wages and working conditions and do not displace nationals.  Regulates work hours (minimum 40 per week) and duration of contract.  Signed contracts approved by authorities (salary, deductions, social security, housing, payment of return ticket, finalization of work, etc). LEGAL ASPECTS

TEMPORARY WORKERS IN CANADA 2008 ALBERTA 165 SASKATCHEWAN BRITISH COLUMBIA 252 MANITOBA ONTARIO 258 YUKON TERRITORY NORTHWEST TERRITORIES NUNAVUT Iqaluit QUEBEC 2,632 NEWFOUNDLAND & LABRADOR PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 6 NOVA SCOTIA Hudson Bay Baffin Island Hudson Strait

ORIGIN OF WORKERS PET 6 HUE 10 SM 372 QUET 10 RET 9 SOL 38 TOT 10 QUI 104 AV 13 BV 7 IZ 11 ZAC 4 EP 273 CHIQ 5 JAL 5 CHIM 1,565 GUA 234 SAC 304 ESC 14 SR 197 JUT 105 SUCH 13 Menos de (7.1%) 1 31 a (18.6%) ,904 (57.5%) 7 71 y Más 559 (16.9%) 8 TOTAL 3, Total Deptos. Niveles de Pobreza (%) Total de Trabajadores

CONTRACTS AVERAGE ANNUAL STAY 5.6 MONTHS

CONTRACT FULFILLMENT OF GUATEMALAN WORKERS IN CANADA  93.2% of 2,255 workers fulfilled the contract in  45% (1,015) of the workers had traveled previously and 55% (1,237) traveled for the first time.  6.8% of the workers did not fulfill their contract due to different causes: 2.8% behavior/low productivity 1.7% health problems 1.4% family reasons 0.8% problems of adaptation 0.1% AWOL

COMPARED PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EARNINGS BY WORKERS (PERIOD ) DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENSES Percentage 2005 Percentage 2007 Difference TOTAL100.0 House building Paying debts (trip) Basic needs House enlargement Clothing and shoes Furniture and equipment Education expenses Purchase of land and/or houses Savings Health expenses Other expenses Purchase of agricultural tools Purchase of vehicle Recreation and culture0.00.6

REMITTANCE TRANSFER MECHANISM

OPTIONS OF THE PROGRAM TYPE OF PLAN YEARLY COST IN US$ SERVICES FAMILYINDIVIDUAL A) BASIC PLAN General physician, gynecologist and pediatrician B) SILVER PLAN Orthopedist - Laboratory: urine, feces, blood tests -Diagnostic images: X-rays - Emergency services and programmed movements - Dentist C) GOLD PLAN Specialists (Orthopedists, Gastroenterologists, etc) - Maternity

CIRCULARITY ,263 2,252 3, ,237 1, ,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3, Growth of number of workers Permanent old workers Workers of previous years New workers ,015 1,642

CIRCULARITY , , ,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 New workers Workers of previous years % 60% % 58% % 59% 1,263 45% 55% 2,252 50% 3,313

IOM International Organization for Migration OIM Organización Internacional para las Migraciones Web site: Working Notebooks on Migration No. 22 & 25