VITAMINS-3 Shariq Syed Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014. Review last lecture Get done with fat soluble vitamins :Vitamin K Start with Water soluble ones : Introduce.

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Presentation transcript:

VITAMINS-3 Shariq Syed Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014

Review last lecture Get done with fat soluble vitamins :Vitamin K Start with Water soluble ones : Introduce B-complex, B1 Summarize what’s done Plan for today Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014

Vitamin D undergoes biotransformation in which two organs Pop Quiz !! Shariq AIKC/TYB/2014 Liver & lung I Don’t know, Maybe in my head ! Liver & kidney Brain & Spleen

Vitamin D has a major role in homeostasis of Pop Quiz !! Shariq AIKC/TYB/2014 K I Need a lifeline Na Ca

Vitamin D deficiency leads to Pop Quiz !! Shariq AIKC/TYB/2014 Rickets I don’t remember cricket IPL

Vitamin E is a major Pop Quiz !! Shariq AIKC/TYB/2014 Anti- reductant IPL player, I guess !! Anti-oxidant Anti- AIKTCian

Vitamin K: Introduction Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 Group of structurally similar fat soluble vitamins Identified as a result of investigations of hemorrhagic (bleeding) incidents in animals Important role in blood coagulation & bone formation

Vitamin K: Structure Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 Structurally they are 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (3-) derivatives Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) Naphthoquinone ring Aliphatic side chain Vitamin K2 (menaquinone)

Vitamin K: Structure Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) Normal dietary source, synthesized by plants Active form Animals may convert to Vita K2 Vitamin K2 (menaquinones) Main storage form in animals, differs in side chain length (isoprenoid units) Menaquinone-4, most common form synthesized from Vit K1 in animal tissues Intestinal bacteria can also convert Vit K1 to K2 & other homologues

Vitamin K: Role in Clotting Shariq AIKC/FYB/ Vitamin K reduced to Vitamin K hydroquinone (Reductase) 2.Vitamin K hydroquinone is oxidized to epoxide 3.This activates Glutamate (Glu) residue in protein to carbanion & then to carboxyglutamate (Gla) 4.Epoxide is reduced back to Vit K by reductase (VKOR)

Vitamin K: Role in Clotting Shariq AIKC/FYB/ Prothrombin and several other proteins of blood clotting systems (Factor VII, IX, X..) all have Gla component 2.Gla chelates Ca + ions, permits binding of blood clotting proteins to membranes

Vitamin K: Role in Bone Metabolism Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 Osteoclasts (Bone forming cells) secrete two proteins responsible for maintaining bone structure 1.Osteocalcin 2.Bone matrix Gla protein Both these proteins contain Vitamin K dependent gamma-carboxylation of three glutamic acid residues These have important role in bone mineralisation

Vitamin K Deficiency Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 Deficiency uncommon in adults except those on anti-coagulant drugs, liver damage, disease leading to malabsorption Primarily affects blood clotting mechanism More likely to have bruising or bleeding Affects bone formation, prone to fractures

Vitamin K: How much do I need Shariq AIKC/FYB/ Infants : 2 – 2.5 ug/day 2.Children: 30 – 60 ug/day 3.Adults: 75 – 120 ug/day

Vitamin K: Food Sources Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014

Vitamin B Complex Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 B-complex B1 (ThiamineB2 (riboflavin)B3 (Niacin) B5 (Pantothenic A B6 (Pyridoxine) B7 (Biotin) B9 (Folic Acid) B12 (Cobalamins) Group of water soluble vitamins, chemically distinct Play an important role in metabolism

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 Water soluble vitamin Isolated in early 1930, one of the first organic compounds to be recognized as vitamin Exists in body as free Thiamine & several phosphorylated forms (Mono, di, tri)

Vitamin B1 Structure Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 Thiamine converted to Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) by enzyme thiamine pyrophosphatase

Vitamin B1 : What’s the role Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 Vit B1 has a central role in high energy metabolism Acts as a Co-enzyme for three multi-enzyme complexes that catalyze : Oxidative decarboxylation reaction 1.Pyruvate dehydrogenase in carbohydrate metabolism 2.Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in Citric acid cycle 3.Keto-acid dehydrogenase in metabolism of leucine, isoleucine and valine

Vitamin B1 : What’s the role Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 Step 1: TPP, has a dissociable proton on the thiazole ring; when this proton is extracted it leaves behind an especially reactive and negatively charged carbon atom (a carbanion) in that ring. Step 2: This carbanion can then attack the carbonyl group of pyruvate. The positively charged nitrogen atom in the thiazole ring of TPP acts as an electron sink to promote the formation of the carbanion in the thiazole ring, and then to help the decarboxylation reaction and formation of the hydroxyethyl-TPP compound.

Vitamin B1 : Deficiency Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014 Thiamine deficiency can lead to 3 distinct syndromes 1.Beriberi 2.Acute pernicious beriberi 3.Wernicke encephalopathy

Vitamin B1 : How much do we need ? Shariq AIKC/FYB/ Infants : 0.2 – 0.3 mg/day 2.Children: 0.5 – 0.9 mg/day 3.Adults: 1.2 mg/day

Vitamin B1 : Food Source Shariq AIKC/FYB/2014