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 Since 1930, the Executive branch has often seemed to be more powerful than Congress ◦ However Congress retains several key powers  Funding Powers  Oversight  Impeachment

 Since 1930, the Executive branch has often seemed to be more powerful than Congress ◦ However Congress retains several key powers  Funding Powers  Oversight  Impeachment

 Constitutional ◦ Originate Revenue Bills (Power of the Purse) ◦ Confirmation of Presidential Appointments ◦ Impeachment and Removal ◦ Approve Treaties  Not specifically in the Constitution ◦ War Powers Act of 1973 ◦ Congressional Oversight (committees) ◦ CBO vs. OMB

 OMB- An executive agency which proposes the President’s budget every year. ◦ Employs hundreds of number crunchers congress actually defers to the Expertise of the OMB most times.  CBO- It is responsible for analyzing the President’s budget and economic projections.

League of Nations Approve Treaties

ImpeachmentApprove Appointments

If Congress ever disagrees with the President or his programs, they can just cut off funding.

 Main Constitutional Conflict between Executive and Legislative Branches ◦ Executive Branch- President is the leader of our Armed forces ◦ Legislative Branch- Only Congress can declare war  President always just sent the army to war, without declaring War, forcing Congress to continue to fund the troops

 Congress Said NO MORE! ◦ War Powers Act of 1973  President must inform congress 48 hours prior to deployment  President is limited to deployment of troops overseas to 60 days (during peacetime) or up to 90 days during hostilities  If Congress does not give its approval of the deployment then all Troops must come back within the 60 or 90 day period

 In modern times, the president has played a dominant role in creating the congressional agenda.  President presents a program, that gives broad, comprehensive views of what the president wishes the legislative branch to accomplish during its session.  Given in late Jan, required and is in the constitution.  Use to be a memo sent by the President to Congress, but now modern day presidents do a televised speech as a way to advance their policy agenda.  President Reagan began this tradition, and now it is recognized by all branches and people as an important message on public opinon.

 Executive orders- president can issue these to enforce existing laws, enforce the Constitution or treaties and establish or modify executive agency rules. Been used for a wide variety of goals- rationing during war time, creation of affirmative action programs, they have the force of law.