Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration Downloaded from SPORT PILOT FLIGHT INSTRUCTION SPORT PILOT Flight Instructors The FAA Safety Team FY 2012

2 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 2 OBJECTIVE This presentation will familiarize Flight Instructors with Light Sport Aircraft and Light Sport Pilots. Upon completion, participants will have knowledge of this subject and directions to rules and other sources of important information. Light Sport Aviation is growing and it is essential that the nation’s certified flight instructors and other aviation professionals become involved.

3 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 3 SPORT PILOT OVERVIEW In September 2004, the FAA enacted the final rule establishing the Light Sport Category of aircraft and the Sport Pilot Certificate. This rule inaugurated a new realm of aviation to bring flying to a wider group of participants and establish safety standards at an acceptable level.

4 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 4

5 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 5 AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AND CLASS OF LSA AIRPLANE LAND+SEA WEIGHT-SHIFT CONTROL LAND+SEA (“TRIKES”) GYROPLANEPOWERED PARACHUTE GLIDER BALLOON + AIRSHIP

6 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 6 Image from: “A CFI’s Guide To Sport Pilot and Light Sport Aircraft.” – Produced for NAFI by Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc (ASA), 2010.

7 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 7 LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION Factory built and “Ready To Fly”. Manufactured to consensus standards. See 14 CFR for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements. SPECIAL LIGHT SPORT (S-LSA) AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATES (14 CFR )

8 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 8 LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION Built from qualified E-LSA Kit. Built in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. See 14 CFR for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements. EXPERIMENTAL LIGHT SPORT E-LSA (14 CFR i)

9 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 9 Type certificated aircraft that meet the definition of Light Sport (14 CFR 1). Examples include Piper J-3, Ercoupe 415-C, Aeronca 7-AC. EAA website link for complete listing: STANDARD CATEGORY AIRCRAFT LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION

10 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 10 LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION Built by a person for education or recreation. At least 51% of assembly / construction by the private builder. May be eligible for LSA operation if: (meets definition Light Sport 14 CFR 1). See 14 CFR for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements. EXPERIMENTAL AMATEUR BUILT (14 CFR g)

11 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 11 TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA? ERCOUPE 415-C STANDARD DATA: Seats 2. Gross wt. 1,260. Empty wt Fuel capacity 14. Engine 75 HP flat-4. PERFORMANCE: Top speed 96 kts. Cruise 83 kts. Stall 42 kts. Initial climb rate 550. Ceiling 13,000. Range 261 nm. ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION: What is V H in this aircraft? What endorsement is required? OK to fly all other LSA aircraft? § Part 1.1 § §

12 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 12 TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA? CESSNA 150 STANDARD DATA: Seats 2. Gross wt. 1,600. Empty wt Fuel capacity 26. Engine 100 HP Continental. PERFORMANCE: Top speed 106 kts. Cruise 85 kts. Stall 42 kts. Initial climb rate 670. Ceiling 12,650. Range 303 nm. § Part 1.1 §

13 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 13 TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA? PIPER J-3 ON FLOATS STANDARD DATA: Seats 2. Gross wt. 1,220. Empty wt Fuel capacity 9. Engine 65 HP Continental. PERFORMANCE: Top speed 76 kts. Cruise 65 kts. Stall 33 kts. Initial climb rate 450. Ceiling 11,500. Range 191 nm. § Part 1.1 §

14 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 14

15 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 15 WHO CAN FLY UNDER THE SPORT PILOT RULE? Pilots holding Sport Pilot Certificates. Pilots with Recreation or higher level privileges. Requirements are found in 14 CFR 61 Subpart J.

16 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 16 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER SPORT PILOT RULE See 14 CFR for specific requirements. No medical certification requirements for gliders or balloons. For other aircraft, a valid US Drivers License. Not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make the pilot unable to operate the LSA in a safe manner.

17 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 17 CONDITIONS RELATED TO PREVIOUS FAA MEDICAL CERTIFICATION If the pilot previously applied for an FAA Medical, he / she must have been eligible for issuance on their most recent application. Must not have had their most recent FAA medical denied, suspended or revoked. Must not have had their most recent Special Issuance/Medical Certificate withdrawn.

18 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 18 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER SPORT PILOT RULE Eligibility, Knowledge, and Flight Proficiency. Aeronautical Experience. Endorsements. Privileges and Limits.

19 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 19 HOURS FOR INITIAL CERTIFICATION SPORT PILOT vs PRIVATE PILOT:

20 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 20 DAYNIGHT IFR (Instrument Rated) PRIVATE vs SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: WEATHER VFR (less than 3mi vis) VFR (above clouds) VFR (greater than 3mi vis)

21 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 21 PRIVATE vs SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: AIRSPACE CLASS A (Instrument Rated) CLASS B, C, D (Sport needs endorsement) ABOVE 10,000 MSL (Sport ok if 2,000’ AGL or less) CLASS E, G

22 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 22 SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: TYPE OF FLIGHTS CHARITABLE SALES DEMOS Watch This! CROSS COUNTRY PASSENGERS (Sport: only ONE) BUSINESS TOWING (UL or LSA glider)

23 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 23

24 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 24 WHO MAY INSTRUCT SPORT PILOTS? Flight Instructors holding certificates issued under 14 CFR Subpart H. Sport Pilot Instructors holding certificates issued under 14 CFR Subpart K.

25 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 25 Must refer to 14 CFR for guidance. Must have appropriate category and class ratings – or equivalent light sport privileges. Must be acting as a light sport instructor while exercising these privileges. SUBPART H FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS EXERCISING SPORT PILOT INSTRUCTOR PRIVILEGES

26 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 26 CAN A LIGHT SPORT INSTRUCTOR CONDUCT A PROFICIENCY CHECK? YES! A Light Sport Instructor can conduct a proficiency check for additional category or class privilege at the Light Sport level (see 14 CFR ). The instruction and check flight must be performed by separate instructors. The instructor who conducts the check must submit documentation to the FAA.

27 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 27 WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW V H = Maximum speed in level flight at maximum continuous power. This V speed is important for Sport Pilot endorsement §61.327: Aircraft V H less than 87kts CAS Aircraft V H greater than 87kts CAS Remember: initial sport pilot certificate requires fewer hours! When a sport pilot requests more privileges or flying other LSA makes/models, more training & individual endorsements are required A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO. V H AND SPORT PILOT ENDORSEMENTS

28 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 28 WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW 14 CFR Part states that: “(a) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate- (1) For other than the purpose for which the certificate was issued; or (2) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire." The FAA recognizes the value of specialized flight training that may only be available in aircraft holding experimental certificates. The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. 14 CFR Part (h) allows A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO. Letter of Deviation Authorization

29 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 29 The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. The FAA may issue training deviations to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. Flight training considered acceptable for the issuance of a LODA consists of: Flight training for the operation of a specific make and model of experimental aircraft. Training for the operation of ultralight vehicles only when conducted in low-mass, high-drag aircraft with an empty weight less than 500 pounds and a max speed in level flight with max continuous power (V H ) less than 87 knots. Jet unusual attitude and upset training. Instrument competency training for specific make and model of experimental aircraft. Training for a flight review in a specific make and model of aircraft. Training for a rotorcraft gyroplane rating or certificate. Letter of Deviation Authorization

30 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 30 Additional training allowed: Formation training for a specific make and model of experimental aircraft. Flight training leading toward the issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate or LSA operating privilege is to be conducted in an aircraft issued an experimental certificate under (i)(1). NOTE: A LODA should only be issued if an aircraft with other than an experimental certificate under (i)(1) is not available for the conduct of this training in the Flight Standard District Office’s (FSDO) geographic area. The aircraft to be used to provide Sport Pilot training must have been owned by the person providing the training prior to January 31, 2010 and that person must have been appropriately certificated or otherwise authorized to provide that training prior to January 31, LODAs for persons conducting this training will have a maximum duration of 24 months and will be limited to the geographic area of the FSDO’s responsibility. FSDOs may terminate a LODA for sport pilot training at its discretion. Letter of Deviation Authorization

31 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 31 Training NOT authorized: Tailwheel airplane endorsements Complex Airplane endorsements High-performance endorsements Operating Pressurized aircraft at high altitudes. Letter of Deviation Authorization

32 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 32 Requirements to obtain a LODA in order to conduct flight training in an experimental aircraft that person provides for compensation or hire must: Submit an application package to the FSDO in the district in which training will take place which must include: Letter identifying the name and address of the applicant Name and contact information of the person responsible for the operation Details of the type of training Specific aircraft make(s) and model(s) to be used Copies of each aircraft’s airworthiness certificate and FAA-issued operating limitations A training program with enough detail to determine that the proposed training will meet the intended objectives. Letter of Deviation Authorization

33 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 33 WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW Meet minimum eligibility requirements (61.305) Receive appropriate training for ground and flight (61.309, ) Take the knowledge test (61.307) Complete the required hours for flight and instruction (61.313) Have proper endorsements and submit application Take the practical test based upon the Sport Pilot PTS (FAA-s ) SPORT PILOT TRAINING SIMILAR TO PRIVATE

34 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 34 WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW AC / still apply Stick and rudder skills or tailwheel endorsement Crosswind practice and steeper approach profiles Stall characteristics and aerodynamics Use the flight review to assist in adding a new privilege The ASF-610 website offers guidance for proficiency checks: A FLIGHT REVIEW IS STILL A FLIGHT REVIEW

35 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 35 Transition Training for Pilots… “At our airport 100% of all the general aviation- trained pilots who have attempted to fly light sport aircraft without transitional training have damaged their aircraft. “-Carol and Brian Carpenter …is Very Important 152 “Heavy”

36 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 36 Transition Training for Pilots

37 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 37 These aircraft may require a significant amount of hours retraining, especially if a pilot hasn’t flown in many years or is unfamiliar with aircraft characteristics. Descent profiles, stall and spin awareness & recovery, crosswind landings, slower speeds (V H ), and weight / balance should be familiar to the instructor before launching out with a student. LSA FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS MAY DIFFER

38 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 38 NTSB provides statistics for Amateur Built but not Light Sport It is probable that some Light Sport accidents are included in this data 2010 US General Aviation accidents: 1093 total 193 fatal (17%) 2010 US Amateur Built accidents: 208 total 55 fatal (26%) ACCIDENT DATA FOR LIGHT SPORT

39 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 39 FAR PART 61 Sport Pilot Certificate – Part 61 Subpart J Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Certificate – Part 61 Subpart K FAA WEBSITES (FAA.GOV, ASF-610, and FAA Safety.GOV) FAA Safety.gov/Resources/Online Resources/Type of Operations…162 links to Sport Pilot! AOPA NAFI and EAA EAA Many other great resources exist, but the LSA and Sport Pilot community needs more CFI’s and DPE’s to support the growing industry…get involved and instruct in Sport!

40 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from 40

41 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from What are the medical requirements for a person exercising Sport Pilot privileges? a)Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67 or a valid U.S. driver’s license. b)A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical certificate or a driver’s license. c)A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe manner. d)All of the above.

42 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from What are the medical requirements for a person exercising Sport Pilot privileges? a)Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67 or a valid U.S. driver’s license. b)A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical certificate or a driver’s license. c)A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe manner. d)All of the above. 14 CFR 61.23

43 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from True or False: A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum takeoff weight of 1480 lbs?

44 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from True or False: A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum takeoff weight of 1480 lbs? FALSE 14 CFR Part 1: 1320 lbs land use;1430 lbs water use

45 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from A pilot holding a recreational pilot certificate or above may exercise light sport privileges… a)In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her pilot certificate. b)Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets the light sport aircraft rule. c)Only with a CFI endorsement. d)In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher level of pilot certification allowed those privileges.

46 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from A pilot holding a recreational pilot certificate or above may exercise light sport privileges… a)In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her pilot certificate. b)Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets the light sport aircraft rule. 14 CFR (a) c)Only with a CFI endorsement. d)In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher level of pilot certification allowed those privileges.

47 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from True or False: A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an additional category and class endorsement for a sport pilot?

48 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from True or False: A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an additional category and class endorsement for a sport pilot? TRUE 14 CFR … A CFI may conduct a proficiency check and issue an endorsement for those privileges

49 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from A 14 CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a light sport aircraft… a)Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft. b)Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used. c)Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft. d)Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations.

50 Federal Aviation Administration Sport Pilot Flight Instruction – FAA Safety Team FY 2012 Downloaded from A 14 CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a light sport aircraft… a)Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft. b)Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used. c)Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft. d)Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations. 14 CFR (i) (1)