1 IOM-Office in Greece “The Global status on migration” International Organization for Migration (IOM)

International Organization for Migration (IOM)

IOM MISSION… IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society As the leading international organization for migration, IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrant s and society and acts with its partners in the international community to: Assist in meeting the growing operational challenges of migration management Advance understanding of migration issues Encourage social and economic development through migration Uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants

IOM MISSION… International Organization with 146 member states and 17 observer states Offices in over 100 Countries and 440 field locations

Migration & Development Regulating Migration Migration Health Facilitating Migration Claims Programs Resettlement, Movement, Emergency & Post- Crisis Policy, Research & Forum Activities Service Areas

IOM Evolution High unemployment in Western Europe 1. Post World War II (1951 – 1964) 2. Regional & Intra-State Conflicts (1965 – 1989) Refugee resettlement programmes (Africa, Southeast Asia, Central America) 3. Globalization Phase (1990 – Present) Resettlement; emergencies, migration and development, labour migration, counter trafficking, return and reintegration, Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR), migration health, etc. Mass migration of Europeans displaced by WWII.

Global Migration Trends

Global Migration Trends “Era of greatest human mobility” 405 million international migrants in 2050* (at current rate) ca. 50% of migrants women +50% of world’s pop. in urban areas (1st time in history) million internal migrants (UNDP) million international migrants (World Bank; UNDESA) 1 Billion Migrants Worldwide Feminization: Urbanization Forecast

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION ROUTES 1-AFRICA ROUTE 2-AFRICA ROUTE 3-RUSSIA-POLAND 4-TURKEY 5- CAUCASUS- UKRAINE 6-SYRIA-LEBANON 7-GREECE-ITALY 8-AUSTRALIA 9-SUEZ CHANNEL 10-W.AFRICA ROUTE 11-CENTRAL ASIA- MOROCCO-LIBYA- ITALY 12-CENTRAL ASIA- MOROCCO-SPAIN

International migrants are concentrated in relatively few destination countries

Europe and Northern America are main net receivers, while Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean are main net senders

Migration from less developed regions is on the rise in developed countries

The impact of international migration on the working age population is significant in more developed regions

Characteristics of Migrants Majority – young, able bodied men, most not victims of trafficking Majority – young, able bodied men, most not victims of trafficking Numbers of women small but growing, with strong suspicion of trafficking Numbers of women small but growing, with strong suspicion of trafficking Movement: both solo and organized Movement: both solo and organized Facilitated by stretches of desert Facilitated by stretches of desert Absence of state institutions Absence of state institutions Hugh potential to suffer violence Hugh potential to suffer violence

Who benefits from irregular migration? Migrants (?) Migrants (?) Employers – exploit IMs, benefit from flexibility and lack of protection Employers – exploit IMs, benefit from flexibility and lack of protection types of employers: -individuals/families who cannot afford legal contracts -small companies that exist on margins of economy -organized crime that controls recruitment, abuse of legal channels, job-matching in loco, etc. Consumers (cheap products) Consumers (cheap products)

Who looses out with irregular migration? Migrants – no protection, risk of exploitaion, no social security, health services, pension rights Migrants – no protection, risk of exploitaion, no social security, health services, pension rights Employers who follow the law and loose competitiveness Employers who follow the law and loose competitiveness Law enforcement – criminal networks do not focus on IM alone Law enforcement – criminal networks do not focus on IM alone

BUT Majority of irregular migrants arrives by plane, train, bus – with papers, visa (fake or valid) that expire - or migrants make unauthorized change of status (i.e. from student to worker) Important pull factor: even during economic crisis, labour markets offer opportunities

20 Thank You International Organization for Migration (IOM)