POPA 2014 Observations by CFI’s 5 Common Problems And How To Correct Them (or How to Make Your Life Easier)

Introduction Howard Cox Joined Simcom in February 2000 Entered the Pilatus PC12 Program in 2001 (Trained by Robert Brooks, Tom Evans, Ken Otto, and Ted Otto) Commercial SEL ATP MEL CFI Instrument, MEL, SEL Type Ratings CE500 CE525S EA500S CE650(SIC)

5 Common problems 1. Flows/S.O.P.s 2. Basic Flying Skills 3. Instrument Procedures 4. Emergency and Abnormal Procedures and “Memory Items” 5. CRM/SRM

Flows/S.O.P.’s Establish a flow pattern based on the check lists. All the lists lead you thru a logical sequence, basically; 1. Left side Panel 2. Instrument Panel, left to right 3. Right side Panel 4. Center Console, Top to Bottom 5. Overhead Panel Use the Checklists to confirm flow items are complete Doing the same procedure the same way every time helps insure consistency, reduces the possibility of omissions and reduces the time to complete the tasks.

Flows/S.O.P.’s Develop standard procedures to follow for each phase of flight Pre-start and Taxi Cockpit organization Put things where they belong. Standard cockpit setup; EFIS/PFD’s Internal/External lighting Navigation setup Clearance Takeoff Takeoff briefing Flight director setup GA HDG Airplane configuration (FAT/FLY) FAT - Before entering R/W FLY – Lineup Items Runway and heading crosscheck Climb GEAR at ??? Flaps at ??? Lights Initial power reduction Auto pilot usage

Flows/S.O.P.’s Develop standard procedures to follow for each phase of flight Arrival/Descent Gather up all frequencies for the arrival airport Determine the arrival (if any) in use Setup VNAV if capable Determine type of approach to expect Approach Approach briefing including missed procedures Build the approach Initialize GPS/FMS Load frequencies Set course At MDA or FAF set missed alt Autopilot Disconnect at appropriate altitude Landing Runway centerline alignment Final checks Gear YD AOA/DSB Runway centerline alignment After touchdown Condition lever Beta/reverse Brakes as required

Basic Flying Skills Setting personal standards Runway/Taxiway alignment Target Airspeeds plus or minus nn kts Target Heading/Course plus or minus nn degrees Target Altitudes plus or minus nnn feet Getting behind the airplane

Basic Flying Skills Flight profiles VFR descent and landing (Traffic Pattern) Power settings Flap settings Flight Director Disengage or Release ALT, and use the heading bug

Basic Flying Skills Practice, Practice, Practice! Steep Turns Stabilized Climbing/Descending turns 360 degree standard rate at 500FPM (2 minutes) Partial Panel (Standby Attitude Indicator, Whiskey Compass) Speed Changes Slow Flight Shaker/Pusher (Stall recovery) Unusual Attitude Recover

Instrument procedures Instrument Scan Interpreting what the instruments are telling you Relationship of one instrument to another Primary Secondary Avoid Fixating on one instrument Avoid Chasing the instruments

Instrument procedures What’s next? (Staying ahead of the Airplane) Altitude Crossing Speed Frequency Navigation source Heading/course

Instrument procedures Preparation Brief the Plates Departure, Arrival, Approach Cockpit Organization Setup Procedure NPA Terminal Area/PT outbound Power 15, Speed 150 approx, Base or PT inbound Flaps Approach FAF Time, Gear Down, Lights on, PWR Reduce 8-10, Descend MDA PWR 20-22, Speed 120 approx, VDP Land or, Execute Missed PA Terminal Area Power 15, Speed 150 approx, Base Leg or 3 Miles to FAF Flaps Approach Cleared for Approach Arm APR Set missed ALT GS Alive Gear down (1/2 Dot) Lights on FAF/GS Intercept Power 8-10 Speed 120 approx 1000 Feet to Minimums Stable On Course On Speed On Slope Breakout/Minimums Flaps* Land or Execute Missed

NON PRECISION APPROACH

PRECISION APPROACH

Emergency Abnormal “Memory Items” Becoming familiar with procedures Review immediate action items How the checklists are organized and how to use them Properly diagnosing the problem (pusher vs runaway trim, AGM vs Tube Failure) Know the Systems Make sure you use the correct checklist Complete the checklist! Use common sense

CRM/SRM (Crew Resource Management/Single-pilot Resource Management) CRM Clear definitions of tasks Clear terminology Challenge response Crew agreement Use of Checklists SRM Cockpit Pre-organization Use of Ground Crew Use of ATC Self Briefing Use of Checklists

CRM Develop standard procedures and terminology to help eliminate confusion and/or misunderstandings Set clear guidance for each crew member’s duties Use of Checklists, challenge and response Power settings Takeoff cross checks Setting up procedures

CRM Example Takeoff and Climb PF “Runway Checks”PNF “Check” PF advances powerPNF “Power Set” PNF “Airspeed alive” PF “Check”PNF “60 knot crosscheck” PF “Check”PNF “Vr” PF RotatesPNF “Positive rate no more runway” PF “Gear up”PNF Selects gear up “Gear up and indicated” Turns off lights PF “YD”PNF Turns on YD “Engaged” PNF “100 knots” PF “Flaps up”PNF Selects flaps up “Flaps selected and indicated” PF “Climb Check”PNF runs the climb checklist silently PNF “Climb checks complete” Etc

SRM SRM is Basically CRM with an Empty Seat The Single Pilot carries twice the load Good Organization is the key Have everything laid out in advance Conduct the briefings as if there was another crew member. Make the best use of available resources Line personnel ATC Passengers Automation