English III Casey

 Harold promised William the throne  When Harold I died, Harold became king  William of Normandy was not happy.  September 1066 Harold fights off Vikings  October 1066 William arrives in England  Saxons vs Normans  Normans win October 14, 1066

 William replaces the existing ruling class with French speaking monarchy  Feudalism  Law and Order  Domesday Book  Castles  Chivalry

 All land owned by King  Gives land to Barons who,  Give land to Knights who,  Give land to the serfs IN EXCHANGE…  The serfs provide food and service  Knights provide protection  Barons provide knights and money

 Lots of Saxons, few Normans  Laws were created to protect Normans  If a Frenchman accuses an Englishman of murder, theft or perjury, that Englishman shall be allowed to defend himself either by ordeal through combat or by ordeal by hot iron.  No one shall be executed for crimes they have committed; but if they are guilty of a crime, they will be blinded and castrated. This law is not to be challenged.

 William ordered a complete survey of all of England.  Inventory and tax  The reeve from a manor and six peasants were questioned for every manor visited.  How many ploughs are there in the manor ? How many mills and fishponds ? How many freemen, villagers and slaves are there in the manor ?

 Castles were a sign of Norman power and might  The castles also gave the Norman soldiers a safe place to live.  Motte and Bailey castles: made of wood and on a hill.  Stone keep castles: very high and strong  Tower of London.

MOTTE AND BAILEYSTONE KEEP

 Knights- sons of nobles  Start training at age 7: manners, dancing, playing chess, singing  Squire at age 14: personal servant to a knight (Wart to Sir Kay)  Chivalry- “cheval” (French for horse)- horse warriors

 A product of feudalism, chivalry was an idealized system of manners and morals Restricted to nobility  The Medieval knight was bound to the chivalric code to be loyal to… God his lord his lady  Chivalric ideals include... benevolence brotherly love politeness  Sir Gawain is an example

 Romance- romanz (Romans)- referring to Latin based languages  Courtly love is modeled after the feudal relationship between knight and lord.  Serve lady with obedience, loyalty, and submission.  Major theme in Medieval Literature

 Provided guidance through well known precepts.. Seven Deadly Sins  Pride  Greed  Wrath  Envy  Gluttony  Sloth  Lust

 Fight the heathens!!!  Christians vs Muslims for Jerusalem  Started in 1096; lasted 200 years  Created trade routes and major cities along the way to Jerusalem  Corrupted the church: Pope power Selling indulgences Crusades for money

 spreads along trade routes  kills much of the population  the plague outbreaks occur through the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance  Paradoxically, the Plague provides for continued growth in cities Afterwards, hundreds of new jobs available Many debts “died off” with creditors  also contributed to society’s culture

 Church – Latin  Nobility – French  Common people – English (Middle)  English was thought of as a trashy language…nobody wrote literature in it (except for Chaucer in the 14 th century)

1. Romance Adventure! Not kissy-kissy romance A narrative in prose or verse that tells of the adventures and heroic exploits of chivalric heroes  exploits of knights  often a supernatural element involved 2. Christian message concern with salvation and the world to come no interest in social change

3. Heroism from both Germanic and Christian traditions, sometimes mingled  Beowulf  Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 4. Presentations of idealized behavior literature as moral lesson  loyalty to king  Chivalry  Courtly Love