Mrs. Degl1 Human Digestive System

Mrs. Degl2 Digestive System Organ system made of GI (gastrointestinal) Tract. This is a one way tube. Peristalsis is a regular muscular contraction that moves the food through the GI Tract. Begins with digesting food Breaks down food Moves through digestive tract Absorbs digested food and water Eliminates waste materials Small molecules like vitamins, minerals and water can be absorbed without being digested. Large molecules like carbs, lipids, and proteins need to be digested before they can be absorbed into the cells.

Mrs. Degl3 Oral Cavity (Mouth) Contains teeth, tongue, and salivary glands Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces Salivary glands secrete saliva Saliva contains amylase (enzyme) which starts to chemically break down food The tongue moves food backwards into esophagus for swallowing Epiglottis covers trachea so breathing is not blocked Peristalsis moves food from esophagus to stomach

Mrs. Degl4 Your Mouth

Mrs. Degl5 Stomach Esophagus dumps food into the stomach. Muscles churn food – more mechanical digestion. Gastric glands produce HCl (hydrochloric acid) and gastric protease (enzyme). This acidic environment begins the chemical digestion of proteins. Food leaves after 2-4 hours. Food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

Mrs. Degl6 Small Intestine –Peristalsis finishes mechanical digestion –The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas secrete substances into the small intestine. –The liver produces bile, which passes into the gallbladder, which then passes into the small intestine, where it breaks down fats into tiny droplets. This process is called emulsification. –Pancreatic juice produces enzymes to finish chemical digestion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. –The end products of digestion (fatty acids, glycerol, and glucose) are absorbed through the lining of the small intestine, which is covered in villi.

Mrs. Degl7 Villi (singular is villus) are finger like projections in the small intestine. Each villus contains a lacteal and capillaries. A lacteal is a small vessel of the lymphatic system. Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into the lacteals and then transported to the blood.

Mrs. Degl8 Large Intestine Undigested and indigestible foods move here from the small intestine. Water is reabsorbed into the cappilarities here. Bacteria live here (produce methane) Remaining solid waste in is stored here until peristalsis can remove it through the rectum (anus). This is called elimination. The colon is attached to the large intestine.

Mrs. Degl9 The foods you eat provide the energy your body needs to function. Just like you need to put fuel in your car or recharge your cell phone battery, your body needs to be fed energy-providing foods every day. The main form of energy for your body is carbohydrates. Your body has the easiest time digesting carbohydrates like sugar and starch. Carbohydrates are broken down into individual glucose, fructose or galactose units. Glucose is your body’s favorite form of energy. If you don’t get enough carbohydrates, your body can make glucose from protein or fat -- and if you get too many carbohydrates, your body is very good at storing them as fat. Nutrition For more info see

Mrs. Degl10 Food Pyramid

Mrs. Degl11 Digestive Disorders Ulcer – an open sore in the lining of the stomach or intestines. This can be caused by an excess of HCl. They are painful and can bleed. Constipation - when someone has difficulty eliminating feces. This can be caused by too much water being removed from the feces in the large intestine, a reduction of peristalsis, or insufficient roughage in ones diet. Diarrhea – this the frequent elimination of watery feces. This can be caused by decreased water absorbed in the large intestine. Prolonged diarrhea can cause dehydration. Appendicitis – This is an inflammation of the appendix Gallstones – These are small hardened cholesterol deposits that from in the gallbladder and when they block the flow of bile they cause severe pain.For more info click hereFor more info click here