The Islamic World Section 1 – The Roots of Islam Chapter 12 Section 1 – The Roots of Islam Section 2 – Islamic Beliefs and Practices Section 3 – Islamic Empires Section 4 – Cultural Achievements

Section Focus The Arabian Peninsula is located between Africa and Asia. Harsh climate and rugged physical features fragmented the people. People began to trade in caravans for survival. Life changed forever because of one merchant.

A New Religion Muhammad was born in Mecca into a rich family. Learned trade business and began own caravans. While traveling Muhammad saw the misery of the poor. Seeking guidance he went to meditate.

A New Religion Was visited by angel Gabriel and became a prophet of Allah (God). Messages from angel became the basis for Islam. “Islam” means to give oneself to god. Began Muslim religion.

Islam Spreads in Arabia Islam was not accepted at first. Islam worried leaders and rich of Mecca. Many poor accepted Islam and caused fighting. Eventually all were “forced” to accept Islamic teachings.

The Quaran (Koran) The Quran is the book of Muslim scripture. Believed to be the words of God and to be followed exactly. Guide on how to live and gives advice on daily issues.

“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.” The 5 Pillars of Faith All Muslims who fulfill the “five duties” will go to paradise when they die. Those who do not, will suffer. The first duty - confession of faith “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.” The second duty - Muslims must pray five times a day, facing Mecca

The 5 Pillars of Faith The third duty - give to charity The fourth duty - fast during the daylight hours of the holy month (Ramadan)

The 5 Pillars of Faith The fifth duty – make a pilgrimage at least once in lifetime to the city of Mecca

The Arabic Empire Islamic missionaries brought Islam into Persia, Palestine, Iraq, Egypt, Spain, and North Africa. Wanted to end tyranny and oppression. Warriors fought for Allah to promote order and civilization.

The Arabic Empire

The Arabic Empire Arabs contributed much to the world such as: Chemistry Astronomy Algebra Pharmacy Literature Art Geography

The Arabic Empire Islam spread as far as Indonesia and Spain. Violence in Islam comes from controversy over leadership. Because of far reaching empires, Islam has impacted most of the world. Islam is the second largest religion in the world, and continues to grow.

Islamic Beliefs and practices How did the teachings of Islam impact the world?

Learning target & Section Focus I can describe the Five Pillars of Islam and its democratic principles. The Qur’an guides Muslims’ live The Sunnah tells Muslims of important duties expected of them. Islamic law is based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah.

The Qur’an Consider the Qur’an to be the exact word of God as it was told to Muhammad. Beliefs: Only one God – Allah Muhammad is his prophet People must obey Allah’s commands They learned of these commands from Muhammad. Islam teaches that the world had definite beginning and will end one day. On the final day God will judge all people. The people that have obeyed his orders will be granted life in paradise. The people that have not obeyed God will suffer

Qur’an (Koran) Guidelines for Behavior Describes acts of worship How to prepare for worship. Muslims must wash themselves before praying to be pure before Allah. Not allowed to eat pork or drink alcohol Guidelines for moral behavior Rules for social life Muslims look to the Qur’an for guidance in their daily lives. It encourages Muslims to free slaves

Qur’an (Koran) Women in Arabia had few rights The Qur'an describes rights of women Own property Earn money Get an education They still have few rights than men Additional subject in the Qur’an The jihad (to make an effort, or to struggle) “ Been translated as “holy war” Jihad refers to inner struggle people have in their efforts to obey God. Behave according to Islamic ways Jihad can also mean the struggle to defend the Muslim community or to convert people to Islam.

The Sunnah An additional source of Islamic teachings. Muslims study the hadith also A written record of Muhammad's words and actions. record is basis for Sunnah (Muslim’s Behavior guide) Sunnah – refers to the way Muhammad lived Model for duties The way of life expected of Muslims. Rules about how to treat others The Sunnah describes the 5 Pillars of Islam Provides guidelines for relations in business and government Bad to owe someone money People should obey their leaders

“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.” Five pillars of Islam All Muslims who fulfill the “five duties” will go to paradise when they die. Those who do not, will suffer. The first duty - confession of faith “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.” The second duty - Muslims must pray five times a day, facing Mecca

Five pillars of Islam The third duty - give to charity The fourth duty - fast during the daylight hours of the holy month (Ramadan) The fifth duty – make a pilgrimage at least once in lifetime to the city of Mecca

Five pillars of Islam

Islamic Laws Qur’an and Sunnah are important guides for Muslims should live. Form the basis of Islamic Law (Shariah) Shariah – is a system based on Islamic sources and human reason that judges the rightness of actions an individual or community might take. Actions Scale range Accepted to disapproved to forbidden No distinction between religious beliefs and daily live. Affects all aspects of Muslims’ lives. Rewards good behavior & punishment for crimes Describes limits of authority.