Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Achieving Energy Efficiency in Buildings Michael Gevelber, Associate Professor Mechanical Engineering Co-chair, BU Energy Committee Member, BU Sustainability Committee Member, Newton Energy Committee Results of BU Energy Audit Course Overview of US Building Energy Use Residential: Perform your own energy audit Energy Audit of Madison Park Achieving Energy Efficiencies in Commercial Buildings

Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Plasma Spray: TBC’s & Fuel Cells Ebeam deposition: optical coatings Electrospinning: nanofiber P V HH Crystal Growth Advanced Control Research Application Areas

Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Boston University Sustainable Neighborhood Living Lab What Can We Do to limit Global Warming

Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Michael Gevelber, Associate Professor Mechanical Engineering, co-chair BU energy working group, member of BU Sustainability Comm & CEESI Summary of Findings from GE 520/MN 500: “Energy Audit/Conservation Analysis of BU’s Charles River Campus”

Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Energy Intensity (Per Sq Foot)Total Energy Use Cleveland, C. (2007, Oct 24). Energy and Emissions Footprint: Boston University Charles River Campus. Presentation to the BU Energy Club. Results of 2007 Energy Audit Heavy oil Light oil Electricity Natural gas 68% Growth in Energy Use 18% Increase in Energy Intensity What are the reasons for these trends? What can be done to reverse these trends?

Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Building Energy Use by Fuel Charles River Campus Energy Supply 10 6 kBtu Energy Expenses

Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Overview of US Building Energy Use

Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Residential 22% Commercial 19% Industrial 31% Transportation 28% Energy Use/Inefficiencies of US End-Use Sectors (57%) (63%) (39%) (75%) 6.9 In Quads Waste Buildings account for ~40% of energy use! 73% of electricity use Based on llnl energy flow charts Major opportunity is focusing on efficiences

Boston University Sustainable Neighborhood Living Lab How to Become an Energy Detective: Help save the world and make some money at the same time Prof. Michael Gevelber Michael Cannamela, Ph.D Candidate, Mechanical Engineering

Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Home Energy Audit INPUTS Yearly UsageUnit ELECTRICITY 0kWh/yr HEATING gas 0therms/ yr oil 0gal/yr TRANSPORT car #1 0miles/yr 20mpg car #2 0miles/yr 20mpg car #3 0miles/yr 20mpg SIZE area ft 2 occupancy 0persons LOCATION MA- ENERGY PRICES electricity0.174 $/kwh gas1.63 $/therm oil2.9 $/gal gasoline3 $/gal

Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here RESULTS COMPARISON yearly use unit % total use value ENERGY electricity0 kBtu/yr <----MA average heat <----MA average transport0 TOTAL0 CO 2 electricity0 tons/yr heat0 transport0 TOTAL0 32 <----US average (4 person house) MONEY electricity0 $/yr heat0 transport0 TOTAL0 HOUSE EFFICIENCY PER AREA electricity kBtu/yr/ft <----MA average heat <----MA average TOTAL51.40<----MA average How much energy and carbon your household uses and for what end- uses? How much money you spend on different forms of energy? Helps to understand what efficiency investments have good payback? What is the relative efficiency [kbtu/ft 2 ] of your house? Which areas can more easily be made more efficient? MA AVG House size 2236ft 2 Occupancy 2.55 persons

Why focus on energy: what problems does the US face? Limited energy supply & global politics – U.S. is only 5% of world population but consumes 20% of world energy Pollution and Green House Gas emissions $ energy is getting more expensive

How do we know where to focus? What major fuels/energy do we use – Electricity - fuel: combustion - oil -natural gas - gasoline What are the major end-use applications – House- transportation - fuel - electricity

Total Annual Energy Cost Being more energy efficient to reduce our carbon footprint also saves $$$$

How’s Goldner’s class doing in terms of GHG emissions? But how can we do better?

Where should we focus on to reduce energy use?

Energy Use in Your House What forms of energy do you use in your house? What are you using this energy for? How compare relative efficiency? KBTU/sq ft

Household Electricity Use What are some ways to increase the efficiency of your electricity use? What are the major uses of electricity in your house?

Household Natural Gas Use What are the best ways to increase the efficiency of your gas use? What are the major uses of Natural Gas?

Distribution of CO 2 Sources Where should we focus?

Where focus to reduce energy costs? What’s surprising?

The Buildings Haynes House 139,608 sqft 7 floors, 131 units Average unit size: 760 sqft 29% common area Smith House 100,224 sqft 12 floors, 132 units Average unit size: 506 sqft 33% common area Ruggles Shawmut 32,510 sqft 5 floors, 43 units Average unit size: 652 sqft 24% common area Madison Park III 184,700 sqft 2 floors, 120 units Average unit size: 941 sqft 35% common area Why is Smith electricity usage so large?

Electricity Use: What factors determine use levels in Haynes & Ruggles Shawmut? What explains variations? -Getting bills doesn’t lower use strongly. -Wide variation within each building. -Small RS lower by ≈ 30%. Due to demographics? - Similar to trends and variations in national residential studies (O- power). Haynes tenants pay electric bills. RS get no bills.

Model Scenarios To Explain Electricity Use Variations - Model captures overall variations in use - Model captures overall variations in use

Helps advise as to what to focus on in terms of: Education, Behavior Modification, Incentives, Nudges

Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Energy Savings: Solving for the Hidden Costs of HVAC Our Focus: HVAC is 50-70% of ALL energy used in mid/large size buildings Achieving Energy Efficiency in Existing Commercial Buildings Strategy: Reduce high air flow rates which were implemented when energy was cheap. Our Solution Develop new tool to re-optimize HVAC control This is not addressed by current tools Based on real buildings, experience and data Funded by MA Clean Energy Center Professor Gevelber & Professor Wroblenski BU Mechanical Engineering

Boston University Sustainable Neighborhood Living Lab Boston University team Aeolus: MIT Clean Energy Contest -Winners of Energy Efficiency track. 2013