A Framework for Business Process Architecture Brett Champlin, MBA, CSP/CCP VP Online Services, DAMA International Board of Directors & Vice President, ICCP Adjunct Faculty, Heller College of Business, Roosevelt University Process Center of Expertise, Allstate Insurance Company

2 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Do you know where your processes are? Are you doing Process Re-Design? –Reengineering? Improvement? Are you implementing Workflow? –Document Management? Task Management? What’s a core process? –Support Process? Control Process? What’s the difference between a Process –Activity, Task, Operation, Method Where do you put all those process models and designs? Should you buy a Process Modeling, Process Engineering, or Business Process Management package? Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

3 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Business Process Architecture Business NOT Systems Architecture Define the Key Terms and Components –“the stack” Represent Key Points of View Support Process Innovation Methods Support Process Management Program The Business “Blueprint” Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

4 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 A Short Story The Three Stone Masons Imagine a 14 th Century Monk An Encounter with 3 Stone Masons Carving Stones Building a Wall Building a Cathedral Context Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

5 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 A Process Architecture is built with models as a house is built with stones - but a collection of models is no more a Process Architecture than a heap of stones is a house. (with apologies to Poincare) Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

6 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion “A rock pile ceases to be a rock pile the moment a single man [sic] contemplates it, bearing within him the image of a cathedral” - Antoine de Saint Exupery, author and aviator ( )

7 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 The Zachman Information Systems Architecture Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

8 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 ? WHAT (product) is it made of ? ? HOW (process) does it function ? ? WHERE (place) are things located ? ? WHO (person) is involved ? ? WHEN (period) do things happen ? ? WHY (purpose) are things done ? Focuses or Topics Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

9 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 CONSUMER End Product orUsage View SUB- CONTRACTOR Detail Representation orOut-of-Context View BUILDER Technical Model orPhysical Design View DESIGNER System Model orLogical Design View OWNER Business/Product Requirements orConceptual View PLANNER Scope orContext View Perspectives or Views Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

10 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 List of things Business Entity Model Logical Data Model Physical Data Model Data Definition List of Processes Business Process Model Application Process Model Application Structure Chart Program List of Locations Logistics Network System Network Model Network Technology Model Network Components List of Organization Units Work Flow Model Human Interface Paradigm Presentation Architecture Interface Components List of Events Master Schedule Processing Structure Control Structure Timing Definition List of Business Goals/Stat. Business Plan Business Rule Model Rule Design Rule Specification DATABASEAPPLICATIONNETWORK ORGANIZATION SCHEDULESTRATEGY WHAT HOW WHERE WHO WHEN WHY CONTEXTUAL Scope CONCEPTUAL Business Model LOGICAL System Model PHYSICAL Technology Model OUT-OF- CONTEXT Components PRODUCT Functioning System Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

11 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 WHY ( purpose ) Goal/ Objective Focuses for Process? WHEN (period) Events HOW (process) Processes WHAT (product) Output WHO (person) Role/ Skills WHERE (place) Facility ? Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

12 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Meta Model PURPOSE PEOPLE PLACE PROCESS PRODUCT PERIOD Adapted from Don Soulsby Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

13 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 StandardsInstructions Forms Skills ACTIVITY PROCESS SUB-PROCESS TASK What’s your process “stack”? Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

14 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Domain Layering Business Operations Technical Adapted from Don Soulsby Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

15 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Perspectives or Views OPERATOR Working System BUILDER Applications Specification DESIGNER Requirements Model OPERATIONS Process Improvement BUSINESS Business Redesign/Reengineering ENTERPRISE Strategic Planning Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion Business Domain Technology Domain

16 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Procedural Model Operations Model Workflow Systems Model Physical/Technical Specifications Measurement & Control Business Model WHAT/ INPUTS & OUTPUTS OUTPUTS HOW/ PROCESSES & TASKS TASKS WHERE/ FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT WHO/ ROLE & SKILLS SKILLS WHEN/ EVENTS & DURATION DURATION WHY/ MOTIVATION & METRICS METRICSBUSINESSSCOPEBUSINESSSCOPE BUSINESSMODELBUSINESSMODEL LOGICALPROCESSMODELLOGICALPROCESSMODEL WORKFLOWMODELWORKFLOWMODEL SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION ENTERPRISEVIEWSENTERPRISEVIEWS DIRECTOR/OWNERVIEWDIRECTOR/OWNERVIEW ANALYST/DESIGNERVIEWANALYST/DESIGNERVIEW BUILDER/MANAGERVIEWBUILDER/MANAGERVIEW OPERATORVIEWOPERATORVIEW MONITORVIEWMONITORVIEW Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion A Business Process Framework

17 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Planning for Change Business DomainTechnology Domain PROCESS PLACE PRODUCT PEOPLE APPLICATION DISTRIBUTION DATA INTERFACE Business ModelsTechnical Models Strategic Plans INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY PROJECTIONS Business System ALIGNMENT Opportunities Adapted from Don Soulsby Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

18 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 ”...would you tell me, please which way I ought to go from here?" "That depends a good deal on where you want to get to," said the Cat. "I don't much care where----" said Alice. "Then it doesn't matter which way you go," said the Cat.

19 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Words of wisdom “Always design a thing by considering it in its next larger context - a chair in a room, a room in a house, a house in an environment, an environment in a city plan.” - Eero Saarinen

20 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 We agreeon what our processes are We know how the processes interact what each process delivers how each process produces it’s deliverables what skills are required for each process how well each process performs We canmeasure effectively and manage by these facts We havean owner for each process We will be managing by process when: Goals of “Manage by Process” Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

21 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 What’s a Model? A model is information It contains: – –one or more pictures (diagrams) – –information about the objects & relationships on the diagram – –information about the relationships between objects in multiple diagrams – –information about how the thing it “models” behaves or performs It is a vehicle for understanding how things work Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

22 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Create the Process Framework This is the overall solution to storing and managing enterprise process information We need this to support a process management program. We need this to support our Business Process Planning method and services It will support business analysis and reuse of business information (Strategic Integration) It will be the basis for maneuverability – agility – strategic repositioning Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

23 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Build a Process Repository The Framework is a “blueprint” for a Business Process Model ‘Repository’ It is a map of the structure for the Business Process Model Repository that can be used to store, locate, access, and navigate through enterprise process information Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

24 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 How To Build It Build the Organizing Structure (the Framework) – –information model – –structural hierarchies Build role-based Views – –cross-structural perspectives – –consistent levels of granularity Define Notation to express those views – –the diagrams & the objects that appear on them Define techniques to develop the models – –and the transitions between views Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

25 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Benefits of a Business Process Repository With an Business Process Model Repository in place: – –a project team will have a place to store the business models they create for future reference – –the models can be integrated into an enterprise wide view – –the models can be used in defining systems requirements – –a process’s information is available to anybody, anytime – –the models can be used in change management – –The models can be used as reference guides – –the repository can be used to do impact analysis – –the models can be used in business planning – –the models can be used in IM planning – –the models can be used in training Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

26 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Benefits of a Business Process Framework Common Frame of Reference Integrated views of processes Consistent method of organization – –Persistent storage of process information the models are available the models are in a consistent format A new powerful information resource for the organization to use in many new ways that were previously not available or feasible Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion

27 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 A Parting Thought... Wisdom is knowing what to do next… Skill is knowing how to do it, and… Virtue is doing it! - David Starr Jordan

28 Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 2003 Brett Champlin, CSP/CCP You may contact me with any questions or feedback at: Introduction A Short Story The Zachman Framework A Business Process Framework The Goal How to Build It Benefits Discussion