The Wireless Revolution

OBJECTIVES Identify the principal wireless transmission media and devices, cellular network standards and generations, and standards for mobile Web access Describe the major standards for wireless networks and for wireless Internet access Evaluate the role of m-commerce in business and describe the most important m-commerce applications

OBJECTIVES (Continued) Assess the business value of wireless technology and describe important wireless applications in business Identify and describe the challenges posed by wireless technology and management solutions

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE The Wireless Revolution Mobile phones have become mobile platforms for delivering digital data, used for recording and downloading photos, video and music, Internet access, and transmitting payments. An array of technologies provides high-speed wireless access to the Internet for PCs and other wireless handheld devices and cell phones. Businesses increasingly use wireless to cut costs, increase flexibility, and create new products and services.

Mobile Versus Fixed-line Subscribers Worldwide THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Mobile Versus Fixed-line Subscribers Worldwide

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Business Value of Wireless Networking Wireless communication helps businesses easily stay in touch with customers, suppliers, and employees. Wireless networking increases worker productivity and output, as workers take less time to establish contact with people and to access information.

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Business Value of Wireless Networking (Continued) Companies can save on wiring offices, moving, and making network changes by using wireless networks. Wireless technology has also been the source of new products, services, and sales channels in a variety of industries, e.g. OnStar, Starbucks “hot spots”.

Wireless Transmission Media and Devices THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Wireless Transmission Media and Devices All wireless media rely on various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Microwave systems transmit high-frequency radio signals through the atmosphere. Communication satellites are used for geographically dispersed organizations.

Frequency Ranges for Communications Media and Devices THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Frequency Ranges for Communications Media and Devices

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Amoco’s Satellite Transmission System

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Devices for Wireless Transmission: Paging systems E-mail handhelds Cellular telephones Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) Smart phones

Cellular Network Standards and Generations THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Cellular Network Standards and Generations Standards: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Cellular Generations: 1G: Analog cellular networks for voice communication 2G: Digital wireless networks, primarily for voice communication; limited data transmission capability

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Cellular Generations: (Continued) 2.5G: Interim step toward 3G in the United States 3G: High-speed; mobile; supports video and other rich media; always-on transmission for e-mail, Web browsing, instant messaging

Mobile Wireless Standards for Web Access THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Mobile Wireless Standards for Web Access Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): Uses Wireless Markup Language (WML) and micro-browsers I-mode: Uses compact HTML and allows for continuous connection

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) versus I-mode THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) versus I-mode

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) established a hierarchy of complementary standards for wireless computer networks. Global Wireless Network Standards: IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth) for the Personal Area Network (PAN) IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) for the Local Area Network (LAN)

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Global Wireless Network Standards: (Continued) IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) for the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) IEEE 802.20 (proposed) standard for the Wide Area Network (WAN)

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Bluetooth Can link up to 8 devices in 10-m area Low power requirements

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS Wi-Fi Three standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g Infrastructure mode: Devices use access point to communicate with wired network Ad-hoc mode (peer-to-peer): Wireless devices communicate directly with each other

A Bluetooth Network (PAN) WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS A Bluetooth Network (PAN)

WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS An 802.11 Wireless LAN

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING M-commerce: The use of the Internet for purchasing goods and services and also for transmitting messages using wireless mobile devices Mobile computing: Enables internet-enabled cell phones, PDAs, and other wireless computing devices to access digital information on the Internet from any location

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING Global M-Commerce Revenue, 2000–2005

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING M-Commerce Services and Applications Information-based services: Instant messaging, e-mail, searching for a movie or restaurant using a cell phone or handheld PDA Transaction-based services: Purchasing stocks, concert tickets, music, or games; searching for the best price for an item using a cell phone and buying it in a physical store or on the Web

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING M-Commerce Services and Applications (Continued) Personalized services: Services that anticipate what a customer wants based on that person’s location or data profile, such as updated airline flight information or beaming coupons for nearby restaurants

Customer Personalization with the Ubiquitous Internet M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING Customer Personalization with the Ubiquitous Internet

Accessing Information from the Wireless Web M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING Accessing Information from the Wireless Web Wireless portals: Content and services optimized for smaller screens of mobile devices to steer users to the information they are most likely to need Voice portals: Accept voice commands for accessing Web content, e-mail, and other electronic applications from a cell phone or standard telephone

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING Digital Payment Systems and M-Commerce Micro-payment system Individual service providers run their own separate payment systems Small payments added on to single bill Stored payment system Cell phone equipped with smart card storing rechargeable electronic cash Mobile Wallets (m-Wallets): Store personal data to use in online transactions

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING M-Commerce Challenges Slow data transfer speeds on second-generation cellular networks, resulting in higher costs to customer Limited memory and power supplies

M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING M-Commerce Challenges (Continued) More Web sites need to be designed specifically for small wireless devices. Keyboards and screens on cell phones are still tiny and awkward to use.

Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship Management WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship Management Wireless CRM enables sales and field service professionals to: Access customer account records and information at any time or location

Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship Management (Continued) WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship Management (Continued) Update customer accounts and deal information to update customer database instantaneously Receive alerts to important events Enter, perform, and update transactions and product information

Pitney Bowes’s Wireless CRM System WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Pitney Bowes’s Wireless CRM System

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Wireless Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Wireless supply chain management systems: Provide simultaneous accurate information about demand, supply, production, and logistics as goods move among supply chain partners Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems: Provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE How RFID Works

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Wireless in Health Care Wireless Applications: Electronic Medical Record (EMR) retrieval Wireless note taking for patient charts Lab test results Prescription generation Medical databases

Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing Wireless sensor networks (WSNs): Networks of interconnected wireless devices that are embedded into the physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing (Continued) Pervasive computing: Wireless technologies are pushing computing into every facet of life, including cars, homes, office buildings, tools and factories; providing connections anywhere and anytime.

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE A Wireless Sensor Network

MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS Wireless technology offers: Flexible business processes Business processes not limited by time or space New channel for communicating with client Source of new products and services

MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS Management Challenges: Integrating wireless technology into the firm’s IT infrastructure Maintaining security and privacy

MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS Solution Guidelines: The following are some of the guidelines for managing mobile technology in the enterprise: Identifying areas in which wireless can provide value Creating a management framework for wireless technology Using a pilot program before full-scale rollout of wireless systems