International Workshop On Energy Statistics Beijing, China 24-26 September 2012 COMPILATION OF COMMODITY AND ENERGY BALANCES NOOR AIZAH A.KARIM Head, Energy Information Energy Commission Of Malaysia aizah@st.gov.my

OVERVIEW OF CONTENTS Introduction Commodity Balance Energy Balance Energy Flows Energy Balance Model Component Data Balance Requirement Statistical Difference Energy Balance Process Energy Balance Parameters Example of Balances Conclusion

INTRODUCTION The most frequently used and referred energy database for Malaysia is the National Energy Balance (NEB) which is published annually. It was design to illustrate comprehensive statistical report on national energy supply and demand balance. Fundamental input of the NEB is based on various data supplied by diverse range of data providers inclusive of relevant government agencies, power utilities, independent power producers (IPPs), private oil and gas companies as well as the cement iron and steel manufacturers.

COMMODITY BALANCE ..... a balance for each energy commodity that uses the units usually associated with that commodity. Energy commodity can be either primary or secondary. It shows the flow of the commodity from its sources of supply through to its final use.

ENERGY BALANCE Presents the commodity balances in a common unit and places alongside one another in a manner that show the dependence of the supply of one commodity on another. some of the commodities are by product of others.

Extraction from reserve Energy Flows Extraction from reserve Imports Exports Imports Exports Primary Commodity Transformation Secondary Commodity Final Use

ENERGY BALANCE MODEL

ENERGY BALANCE MODEL The overall energy balance is based on the simple accounting of the country’s total energy input and the total output using a common unit for the various forms of energy. For our country, the forms of energy are termed as energy products . Examples include, crude oil, natural gas, diesel, gasoline, LPG, LNG, electricity etc. All energy products are converted into the common unit of Kilo Tonne of Oil Equivalent, ktoe, for the accounting of the energy balance

ENERGY BALANCE MODEL INPUT SIDE OUTPUT SIDE The data collected for the energy-input side of the balance equation comprises: Beginning Stock Supply-Local Purchase Supply-Primary Production Supply-Foreign Imports The data collected for the energy-output of the balance equation comprises: Ending Stock Own Consumption / Own Use Conversion Process Sales (5 distributor channels) Losses (5 loss categories)

COMPONENT DATA BALANCE REQUIREMENTS To achieve a completely balance situation for every component in our model, each energy data contributor will be required to submit their set of energy data in the manner conforming to the input-output balance model described above. Individual energy product imbalances will have to be captured as Losses under any of the 5 categories (flaring, operational, storage, transport, others) It is important that this low level balance is achieved in the original units of measure (e.g. in kiloliters, metric tons or kilo barrels) as some discrepancies is expected when all the original units are converted into KTOE for all the energy products.

STATISTICAL DIFFERENCE The basic sequence adhered to in the overall balance is:- Production + Imports - Exports +/- Stock change = Apparent inland deliveries (or consumption) “Apparent inland deliveries” deduced from supply statistics hardly ever match the actual sales data. It is necessary, therefore, to include two “statistical discrepancies” the first to account for the difference in apparent inland delivery of primary supply mainly due to the difficulties in obtaining actual stock change data and difference in data compilation at source, and the second to account for the difference in secondary supply as the result of the transformation processes of one form of energy to another. the statistical discrepancies also act as a balancing tool to minimize possible errors.

ENERGY BALANCE PROCESSES System Compilation · Data Conversion Data O rganization Processing Data and Generating Report Validating Data Balanced C heck Energy Balance System

ENERGY BALANCE PARAMETERS No. Categories Form No. Forms Description 1. Energy Supply, Production and Generation F1 Stock of Energy Products (Opening Stock & Closing Stock) F2 Energy Intake Into Plant / Process / Operations F3 Energy Own Consumption and Conversions / Operation F4 Sales of Energy Products by Distribution Channels F5 Losses of Energy Products 2. Energy Consumption Sectors C1 Final Energy Consumption Sectors

ENERGY BALANCE PARAMETERS

ENERGY BALANCE PARAMETERS

ELECTRICITY PARAMETERS

ELECTRICITY PARAMETERS

EXAMPLE: OIL AND GAS

EXAMPLE: MARKETING COMPANY

EXAMPLE: ELECTRICITY

CONCLUSION Malaysia Energy Information Hub(MEIH) http://meih.st.gov.my - a portal developed by the Energy Commission, aim to expedite data collection process & reduce human error. It is a centralised system for two main users : i) data providers for data submission activity and; ii) the public for accessing the national energy related data. The hub contained not only the time series of energy supply and demand balance but also the information on performance and statistics of electricity supply and piped gas supply industries.  

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