Electricity & Light Therapy Chapter #11 Electricity & Light Therapy

Electricity ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________

Why do we study electricity? All cosmetology professionals must have a basic working knowledge of their tools and how to maintain them & the effects they have

Electric Current __________________________________

Conductor __________________________________ __________________________________ _________________________________ Ionic compounds in ordinary water make good conductors; hence it is not wise to swim during an electrical storm

Insulator Nonconductor __________________________________ __________________________________

Complete Path The path of an electric current from the generating source through conductors and back to its original source

Types of Electric Current DC – ______________________: constant, even flowing current that travels in one direction only. Ex: ________________________ AC – __________________________: rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. Ex: ______________________________

Electric Current ____________ – an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current. Ex: cell phone car charger ____________ – an apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current. Ex: cell phone wall charger

Electrical Measurements ______: unit that measures _________ or ___________ ______: unit that measures _________ of electric current flowing through a conductor ________________: _________________; current used for facial and scalp treatment ________: unit that measures _________ of an electrical current ________: measurement of ____________ energy is being ____________________ ___________: is _____________; electricity in your house is measured in kilowatts per hour

Electrical Equipment Safety All electrical equipment should be inspected regularly to determine whether it is in safe working condition

Safety Devices _________: device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit; it is _______________________________________ _________________ from overloading the circuit with too much current _________________: _________________________ interrupts or _______________ and electric circuit at the first indication of overload; they have all the safety features of fuses but do not require replacement and _______________________

______________________ All electrical appliances must have at least two electrical connections The “live” connection supplies current to the circuit The ground connection completes the circuit and __________________________________ __________________________________

Electrical plugs One being slightly larger than the other guarantees that the plug can only be inserted one way and __________________________________ Some appliances have a third circular connection that provides ________________________

Guidelines for safe use of electrical equipment All appliances you use should be UL certified Read all instructions before using Disconnect all appliances when not in use Inspect all electrical equipment regularly Keep all wire, plugs, and equipment in good repair Use only one plug to each outlet Avoid contact with water and metal surfaces when using electricity

Guidelines for safe use of electrical equipment cont’d Do not leave client unattended while connected to an electrical devise Keep electrical cords off the floor and away from people’s feet Do not attempt to clean around electric outlets while equipment is plugged in Do not touch two metal objects at the same time if either is connected to an electric current Do not step on or place objects on electrical cords Do not allow electrical cord to become twisted Disconnect appliances by pulling on the plug, not the cord Do not attempt to repair electrical appliances unless you are qualified 16

__________________________

Electrotherapy __________________________________

Electrotherapy Wall Plate: an instrument that plugs into an ordinary wall outlet and produces different types of currents that are used for __________ & ______________________ Treatments are called ________________

Electrotherapy Vocabulary ____________: _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _____________: _________________________ pole of an electric current __________: __________ electrode; usually ______; marked with a “___” or a “____” __________: ___________ electrode; usually ______; marked with an “___” or a “___”

3 main modalities ___________________

Galvanic ____________________________ _______________________________________ Produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body _____________________: process of ______________________________________________ ____________________________ with the use of electric current using galvanic current ___________________: ______________________________________________ ____________________________ using galvanic current ______________________________________________ __________________: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ __________________: process used to ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

Microcurrent __________________________________________________________________________________________ Improves blood and lymph circulation Produces acidic and alkaline reactions Opens and closes hair follicles and pores __________________________________________ Improves natural protective barrier of skin Increases metabolism

Tesla High-Frequency _________________________current with a _______________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Used to Treat: ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________

Other Electrical Equipment Conventional hood hair dryers & heat lamps are sources of dry heat generally used to shorten chemical processing time Since dry heat causes evaporation, the hair must be covered with a processing cap to avoid drying - __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

Other Electrical Equipment __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Steamers warm and cleanse the skin by increasing the flow of both oil and sweat Estheticians often add essential oils to a facial steamer as part of skin therapy and to enhance general well-being

Other Electrical Equipment Hair color processing machines or accelerating machines shorten the time that it takes to process chemical hair services Looks similar to a hooded dryer Dispenses a hot water vapor _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

Light Therapy Electromagnetic radiation: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Electromagnetic spectrum: the entire range of wavelengths

Light Therapy cont... ______________________________ ______________________________ Ultraviolet and infrared rays are also forms of electromagnetic radiation but they are invisible because their wavelengths are beyond the visible spectrum of light – invisible rays make of 65% of natural sunlight ______________________________

Ultraviolet _______________________________ Shorter wavelengths Penetrate less Produce less heat than visible light _____________________________________________ Exposure time 2 to 3 minutes with gradual increase in exposure time to 7 to 8 minutes

Types of UV Light ______: has the longest wavelength of the UV light spectrum and penetrates dermis; ____________________________________________________________ ______: often called the burning light; frequently associated with sunburns; ______________________________ UVC: blocked by the ozone layer 31

Skin cancer __________________________________ __________________________________ Over 1 million new cases being diagnosed each year Estimated _____________________ will develop skin cancer and 90% of those will be the __________________________________ __________________________________

Infrared __________________________________ Longer wavelengths Produce more heat than visible light _______________________

Light and Heat Energy Catalysts are used to make reaction happen more quickly; some use light and some use heat Sunlight and even artificial room lights can start polymerization in the container. The same can happen when heat curing monomers are place in a hot car trunk, a store window, or other warm are This is why it is important to properly store, close and cover your products

Lasers __________________________________________________________________________________________ Photothermolysis: turns light from laser into heat _____________________________________________ Most lasers are classified as a level II medical device which means that estheticians must be working under the supervision of a qualified physician to operate the laser 35

Laser hair removal

LED _____________________________________________ A medical device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve collagen content in the skin Seeks chromophore (color component within skin such as blood or melanin) Red light LED _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Yellow light LED _______________________________ Green light LED _______________________________ Blue light LED _________________________________

Light Therapy Contraindications Light sensitivities Phototoxic reactions Taking antibiotics Has cancer or epilepsy Pregnancy Under physician’s care 38

Intense Pulse Light Device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths (broad spectrum) of _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Treatments are provided under the supervision of a physician. 39