Reconstruction: Conflicting Goals 1865 to 1877 The years after the Civil War ended in 1865 presented great challenges to American people. How should the Southern states be brought back into the Union? How would freed slaves find a new place in American life?

Note Sheet As you view and listen to the power point you need to take notes. You can use the format that is associated with this power point located on my wiki space. It can be printed out, or drawn on note book paper. I also have copies in the class room. Your notes are for you to help remember the important facts of the Reconstruction period. Also your opinion of the most important element that came out of the Reconstruction time period. You will have a Bell Ringer to check for understanding.

Words & Terms to know! Reconstruction Discrimination Reconcile/reconciliation Segregation Legacy Civil liberties Discrimination Civil Rights Act of 1866 Freedmen’s Bureau Carpetbaggers Black Codes

Conflicting Goals During Reconstruction Lincoln Johnson After helping to push through the 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery, the President sought to quickly restore the rebel states to the Union. He considered Reconstruction a "restoration" and wanted to quickly readmit the former Confederate states after they had repudiated their ordinances of secession, accepted the 13th Amendment, repudiated the Confederate debt, and pledged loyalty to the Union. Johnson's vision of Reconstruction clashed with that of many Republicans. He vetoed a string of Republican-backed measures, including an extension of the Freedman's Bureau and the first Civil Rights bill. He ordered black families evicted from land on which they had been settled by the U.S. Army. He acquiesced in the Black Codes which southern state governments enacted to reduce former slaves to the status of dependent plantation laborers.

Conflicting Goals During Reconstruction Frederick Douglass Robert E. Lee Frederick Douglass was a strong voice for human rights and civil liberties for all. He pushed for constitutional amendments to guarantee voting rights for all. He was an advocate of the northern Radical Republican’s policy. Robert E. Lee urged the South to reconcile and reunite peacefully as Americans. He later became president of Washington and Lee college.

Lincoln’s assignation changed things!

CONFLICT PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND SOUTHERN DEMOCRATIC PARTY RADICAL REPUBLICANS; MOST OF WHICH WERE NORTHERNS PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND SOUTHERN DEMOCRATIC PARTY Radical Republicans was the name given to a faction in the U.S. Congress which advocated emancipation of slaves before and during the Civil War, and insisted on harsh penalties for the South following the war, during the period of Reconstruction. It needs to be noted that most Republican were moderates who wanted the South to have loyal state government. They believed that African Americans should have rights as citizens and hoped the Southern states would follow federal laws. New Southern state legislatures approved by President Johnson had begun passing laws to deny African Americans’ civil rights. AKA Black CODES. “We simply ask…that the same laws which govern white men shall govern black men…that, in short, we be dealt with as others are-in equality and justice.” -Petition from an African American convention held a South Carolina, quoted in There is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America by Vincent Harding

Leaders left an important legacy.

Reconstruction was the 12 year period after the Civil War, from 1865 to 1877 What would where some of the “issues” the President and congress would encounter? A. The former Confederate States had to be brought into the Union. B. ? C. ?

Timeline of Reconstruction Policies December 1863: The 10 Percent Plan President Lincoln announces a plan for reconstructing those Confederate states already under Union control He offers to pardon Confederates who take an oath to support the Union. When ten percent of a state's citizens eligible to vote in 1860 swear an oath of allegiance and a state has abolished slavery, he promises to readmit the state to the Union. By the end of the war, Lincoln publicly calls for limited black suffrage in the South. March 1865: Freedman's Bureau: To coordinate efforts to protect the rights of former slaves and provide them with education and medical care, Congress creates the Freedmen's Bureau. One of the bureau's most important functions is to oversee labor contracts between ex-slaves and employers. April 4, 1865: Lincoln's Assassination Lincoln's assassination makes Vice President Andrew Johnson president. May 1865: Johnson Announces His Plan for Reconstruction Johnson grants immediate amnesty to former Confederates who own less than $20,000 worth of property. Other ex-Confederates may petition him for presidential pardons, which he freely grants. His plan to readmit the former Confederate states requires them to convene conventions to disavow their acts of secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate their war debts.

Timeline continues November 1865: Black Codes Beginning with Mississippi, the ex-Confederate states adopt "Black Codes," legal codes that deny African Americans the right to purchase or even rent land. The more stringent codes also deny African Americans the right to bear arms, meet together after sunset, or marry whites. April 1866: Congress Passes the Civil Rights Act of 1866 The Civil Rights Act of 1866, adopted over President Johnson's veto, enumerates the rights of citizens of the United States, including the right to make contracts, sue, give evidence in court, and purchase and sell property. Summer 1866: Whites Riot in Memphis and New Orleans Rioting in Memphis, Tennessee, and New Orleans, Louisiana, in which many African Americans are killed, convinces many Northerners that stronger measures are needed to protect the freedmen. March 1867: Congress Divides the South into Military Districts Subject to Martial Law Over President Johnson's veto, Congress adopts a new program for reconstruction. The First Reconstruction Act divides the former Confederate states into five military districts subject to martial law. It requires the ex-Confederate states to ratify the 14th Amendment, adopt new state constitutions disqualifying former Confederate officials from holding public office, and guarantee black men the right to vote.

Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction And How It Works Digital History ID 2828 Credit: Library of Congress
Media type: political cartoon

Reconstruction Amendments December 1865: 13th Amendment - abolishes slavery. June 1866 14th Amendment –grants citizenship to all persons born in the United States -guarantees equal protection of the laws to all citizens. February 1869: 15th Amendment-gave African American men the right to vote

13th Amendment to the Constitution The 13th Amendment bane slavery in the United States and in any of its territories. 13th Amendment to the Constitution

14th Amendment to the Constitution The 14th Amendment gives citizenship to everyone born in the United States, and guaratees them equal protection under the law.

15th Amendment to the constitution. The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote, North and South. 15th Amendment to the constitution.