Understanding Western Culture
Society TraditionsReligionPolitics Art & Literature Philosophy Science & Technology Ethical Values What is Culture? Education Age Social Class Organization
Western culture ≠ Western Film / TV (but does influence it)
Originates from Ancient Greece (Europe)
Spread by Roman Empire (1st Century BC)
Influenced by Christianity (4/5th Century)
Stagnated during Dark Ages (5/6th Century)
Rebirth: Renaissance (14 – 17 th Century) Oops!
New ideas: Scientific Revolution (17 th Century)
Logic & Reason: Age of Enlightenment (18 th Century)
Independence: American Revolution (Late 18 th Century)
Industrial Revolution (19 th Century)
Modern Civilization (Today) Photo by Steve Rhodes
Reason Individualism Happiness Rights Capitalism Reality- or fact-based thought and perception (Aristotle BC) Emphasis on the individual person who is independent and self-reliant Worldly happiness should be the focus of each person's life Individuals should be able to act on their own reason without interference from others – i.e. freedom Recognizes the right of private ownership, capital accumulation, exchange and profit Core Ideas & Values
Transcend geography and race (no connection) Exist worldwide in some form (usually mixed) We live in a multicultural world where cultures:
East vs. West What’s the difference? Illustrations by Yang Liu from “East meets West” book –
Way to think 思维方式
Way of life 生活方式
Punctuality 准时
Connections 人际关系
Anger 对待愤怒
Queuing 排队
In the restaurant 在餐厅
Standard of beauty 美丽的标准
Way to solve problems 处理问题
Senior’s daily life 老人的日常生活
Shower time 洗浴时间
Boss 领导
The child 孩子
New things 对待新事物
Image of each other 想像中的对方
West (US / Europe)East (China / East Asia) LogicLinear (direct associations)Spiral (roundabout) CommunicationDirect, verbalIndirect, implied IdentityIndividual, independentGroup orientated Agreement / DisagreementArgumentative, verbalHard to say no, non-verbal PunctualityStart and end on timeAppointments flexible RespectSuccess, achievementSeniority, wisdom Business RelationshipEconomics come firstRelationship comes first Decision MakingDistributed, proactiveManager has final say Time HorizonShort term (per quarter)Long term (years ahead) Risk / SpendingRisk-takers, spendRisk-avoiders, save Cultural Differences* * but of course there are obvious exceptions
Regional Experience Openness & Tolerance Language Proficiency Intercultural Competence
Communicate Effectively Speak slowly, maintain eye contact Use objective, accurate language Rephrase sentences where necessary Listen carefully and patiently Adapt your conversation style Don’t talk down to others Clarify what will happen next
Uncomfortable Situations
Deal With It 1. Know your neighbor 2. Be open and tolerant 3. Ask lots of questions “When in Rome, do as the Romans do” 入乡随俗
Thank you