CONTROLLED ASSESSMENT: Cold War Relations The Berlin Blockade and Airlift What caused the Cold War?

WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? USING THE WIKI AND LINKS FROM IT TO OTHER SITES YOUR TASK IS TO FIND ONE WRITTEN SOURCE AND ONE PICTURE SOURCE (AS A MINIMUM), WHICH YOU HAVEN’T ALREADY GOT IN YOUR WORKBOOK. YOU ARE TO EITHER CUT AND PASTE IT BY HAND OR ELECTRONICALLY INTO THE NEXT PAGE. YOU WILL THEN NEED TO FILL IN THE LAYERS OF INTERENCE AROUND THEM AND THE TWO BOXES BETWEEN THEM TO EXPLAIN WHY THEY ARE DIFFERENT. THIS SHOULD BE LOOKING INTO THE NATURE, ORIGIN AND PURPOSE OF THEM BOTH. THEY CAN BE ON ANY OF THE TOPICS THAT WE HAVE SO FAR COVERED IN THE COLD WAR, BUT THEY SHOULD BOTH BE ABOUT THE SAME TOPIC – IN THE NEXT LESSON YOU WILL NEED TO COMPARE HOW IMPORTANT THE EVENT / INDIVIDUAL / THEME IS COMPARED TO THE CREATION OF NATO. FOR EXAMPLE HOMEWORK – SOURCE GATHERING

WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? VII – The Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift You have space in your book to make spider diagrams about the Berlin Blockade and Airlift, use the following details to help (if you can’t keep up all these details are in your blue notes at the back), all the time think about the paragraph that you will have to produce once this is done – are your notes going to help you answer this question? WAS THE BERLIN BLOCKADE OR THE AIRLIFT A GREATER CAUSE OF TENSION IN THE COLD WAR? The main assessment focus will be on the interrelationship between these two, so think about how they’re linked and which one is to blame. Judge who is to blame for increasing Cold War tension Compare evidence to support a theory

4 WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? VII – The Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift The Berlin Blockade IN A NUTSHELL At first travel between the four sectors in Berlin had been easy; people could live in one sector and work in another. Then in June 1948 Stalin blockaded West Berlin. From June 1948 until May 1949, Joseph Stalin ordered that all traffic between West Germany and West Berlin should be stopped. He was able to close the road, canal and rail routes, but was not able to prevent the western allies, Great Britain, France and the USA from bringing supplies into West Berlin by air. The Berlin Airlift lasted ten and a half months and one plane landed in West Berlin every ninety seconds.

5 WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? VII – The Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift Why did Stalin blockade Berlin? The main reason for the blockade was that Great Britain and the USA had made it clear that they intended to rebuild the economy in their zones of Germany. Marshall Aid was one of the reasons why Stalin tried to force the west out of West Berlin in 1948.

1947 the British and US zones were joined together in ‘BIZONIA’. the west the French zone was added in ‘TRIZONIA’.

7 WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? VII – The Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift Stalin believed that Germany should be kept weak to prevent any risk of further trouble. He also wanted to get reparations from Germany to help rebuild the Soviet Union. In 1948 the western allies announced that they were going to introduce a new currency in the west to help the economy get going again. This would mean that east and west would be separate economically.

8 WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? VII – The Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift The West was in fact breaking agreements made at Yalta and Potsdam. All changes to Germany had to be agreed by all four occupying powers. West Berlin was also a temptation to East Berliners. In the west the Marshall Plan was beginning to make life much better. Already East Berliners and East Germans were leaving for the west.

WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? VII – The Berlin Blockade and Berlin Airlift How did the Allies react? They were determined that Stalin should not succeed. General Lucius Clay the US commander in Berlin said, ‘If West Berlin falls, West Germany will be next’. Clay offered to fight his way out of West Berlin, but was ordered not to by Truman. The Allies believed that if they gave in Stalin would behave as Hitler had in the 1930s. More and more countries would be taken over. The Allies began to bring supplies into West Berlin by air. 4,000 tonnes were needed every day. Eventually they were bringing in 8,000 tonnes; even coal was brought in by plane. More than 320,000 flights were made altogether and 79 pilots died. In May 1949 Stalin gave up. It was obvious that the West was not going to give in so he ended the blockade. Judge who is to blame for increasing Cold War tension Compare evidence to support a theory

WAS THE BERLIN BLOCKADE OR THE AIRLIFT A GREATER CAUSE OF TENSION IN THE COLD WAR?

GRADE D – FEW REASONS GIVEN, NO LINKS BETWEEN FACTORS SUGGESTED GRADE C – SOME REASONS IDENTIFIED AND OR DESCRIBED, UNSUPPORTED GRADE B – SOME OPINION GIVEN WITH UNDERSTANDING OF REASONS THOUGH NOT FULLY SUPPORTED GRADE A – REASONABLE UNDERSTANDING OF INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE TWO FACTORS, SUPPORTED OPINON GIVEN GRADE A* – GOOD RANGE OF KEY FEATURES OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE TWO EVENTS, WELL REASONED AND SUPPORTED ARGUMENT GIVEN WAS THE BERLIN BLOCKADE OR THE AIRLIFT A GREATER CAUSE OF TENSION IN THE COLD WAR? PEER ASSESSMENT – HIGHLIGHT THE GRADE ABOVE WHICH YOU THINK BEST RELATES TO THE PARAGRAPH WRITTEN HERE STUDENT ACTION (SUGGEST HOW YOU ARE GOING TO IMPROVE THIS SKILL IN YOUR NEXT PARAGRAPH – HAVE YOU CONTINUED TO INCLUDE EVIDENCE FROM SOURCES AND YOUR CONTEXTUAL KNOWLEDGE?) CONTROLLED ASSESSMENT PARAGRAPH PRACTICE ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVE FOCUS – KEY FEATURES

WHAT CAUSED THE COLD WAR? USING THE WIKI AND LINKS FROM IT TO OTHER SITES YOUR TASK IS TO FIND ONE WRITTEN SOURCE AND ONE PICTURE SOURCE (AS A MINIMUM), WHICH YOU HAVEN’T ALREADY GOT IN YOUR WORKBOOK. YOU ARE TO EITHER CUT AND PASTE IT BY HAND OR ELECTRONICALLY INTO THE NEXT PAGE. YOU WILL THEN NEED TO FILL IN THE LAYERS OF INTERENCE AROUND THEM AND THE TWO BOXES BETWEEN THEM TO EXPLAIN WHY THEY ARE DIFFERENT. THIS SHOULD BE LOOKING INTO THE NATURE, ORIGIN AND PURPOSE OF THEM BOTH. THEY CAN BE ON ANY OF THE TOPICS THAT WE HAVE SO FAR COVERED IN THE COLD WAR, BUT THEY SHOULD BOTH BE ABOUT THE SAME TOPIC – IN THE NEXT LESSON YOU WILL NEED TO COMPARE HOW IMPORTANT THE EVENT / INDIVIDUAL / THEME IS COMPARED TO THE CREATION OF NATO. FOR EXAMPLE HOMEWORK – SOURCE GATHERING