author unknown address unknown accessed unknown The Respiratory System The Respiratory System Keeping the Lungs Clean Keeping the Lungs Clean

A. Mammalian Breathing A. Mammalian Breathing C. Alveoli and Capillaries C. Alveoli and Capillaries B. Intercostals and Diaphragm B. Intercostals and Diaphragm author unknown address unknown accessed unknown Play

A. Mammalian Breathing 1. The respiratory system gets oxygen into the blood a. needed for aerobic respiration 2. Parts of the breathing system a. larynx & epiglottis b. trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, & alveoli c. intercostal muscles & diaphragm d. pleural membranes_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown Play HOW DOES WATER GET FROM THE GROUND TO THE TIPS OF TREE BRANCHES? Think about it! Think

1. Movements of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm enable inhalation and exhalation to occur a. intercostals contract lifting ribcage outward b. diaphragm contracts flattening downward_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown B. Intercostals & Diaphragm

2. Inhaling- muscles contract, the volume of the thorax (chest) increases, the pressure inside decreases a. air moves into lungs 3. Exhaling- muscles relax, the volume of the thorax decreases, pressure inside increases a. air moves out of the lungs_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown Play

C. Alveoli and Capillaries 1. The structure of the alveoli and blood capillaries enable gaseous exchange to occur a. close to one another b. large surface area c. each is a single cell layer thick_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown Play

2. Diffusion plays an important role in gaseous exchange across the alveoli a. oxygen diffuses into the blood (high to low) b. carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli (high to low)_ Answers.com accessed Play

A. Goblet Cells and Cilia A. Goblet Cells and Cilia B. The Air We Breathe B. The Air We Breathe C. Smoking and Pollution C. Smoking and Pollution author unknown address unknown accessed unknown

1. There are two types of cells that play a role in keeping the lungs free from infection a. goblet cells b. ciliated cells 2. Goblet cells secrete mucus a. mucus is sticky and traps foreign particles_ A. Goblet Cells and Cilia author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown Click HOW DOES WATER GET FROM THE GROUND TO THE TIPS OF TREE BRANCHES? Think about it! Think

3. Ciliated cells move mucus to the throat a. cilia are hair-like structures on the cells’ surface b. beating of cilia sweeps trapped particles contained in mucus out of the lungs_ Nature.com accessed Click

B. The Air We Breathe 1. Air breathed out contains more carbon dioxide and less oxygen than air breathed in 2. Percentage composition of inspired and expired air 3. Reasons for differences a. oxygen diffuses into the blood b. carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown Inspired air % Expired air % Nitrogen7878 Oxygen2118 Carbon dioxide Noble gases 11 Click

C. Smoking and Pollution author unknown address unknown accessed unknown 1. Smoke and air pollution have an effect on the breathing system a. carbon monoxide reduces ability to carry oxygen b. particles cause excess mucus c. chemicals paralyze cilia d. increased coughing breaks alveoli_ Web

2. Cigarette smoke has dramatic effects on health a. bronchitis- more mucus produced b. emphysema- violent coughing c. nicotine addiction d. tars can cause tumours (lung cancer) 3. Reasons why people smoke_ author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown author unknown address unknown accessed unknown Click