Denver School of Nursing – General Education Classes Lecture / Laboratory :Monday 10:00 am – 2:24pm Lecture:Tuesday 4:30pm – 6:30pm Instructor: Lisa Johansen, PhD Microbiology

When you see the word microbiology… What do you think of?? Microbiology

What is your connection to microbiology?? Work? Home? Health? Microbiology

Chapter 1 The Science of Microbiology

 Six subgroups  Bacteria  Archaea  Algae  Fungi  Protozoa  Viruses  Helminths **

 1674Leeuwenhoek: sees microorganisms  1796Jenner: vaccine for smallpox  1847Semmelweiss: cause of childbed fever  1859Pasteur: disproves spontaneous gen.  1865Lister: introduces antiseptic technique  1876Koch: pure culture on agar  1892Iwanowski: discovers viruses  1894Ehrlich: selective toxicity  1929Fleming: discovers penicillin  1977Woese: classifies archaea

 Made his own microscopes  Antony van Leeuwenhoek ▪ Looked at everything he could ▪ White matter from his teeth

 Observation:  Dairymaids who had mild cowpox infections were protected from smallpox  Hypothesis  Cowpox infection provides protection against smallpox  Experiment  Inoculated boy with cowpox fluid and later challenged with smallpox fluid  Result  Boy did not get smallpox

 Wash your hands!  Ignaz Semmelweis ▪ Medical students were bring disease from the morgue to the women’s clinic

 Life is formed from inanimate objects  Fruit flies!!!

 Louis Pasteur  Used swan-neck flask  Boiled broth  Open to the air  No growth unless broth was washed into the curved neck

 Against infection via phenol  Joseph Lister ▪ How good is the mouthwash though?

 Koch ’ s Postulates 1. Microbes present in samples of diseased animal 2. Grow organism in pure culture 3. Inject healthy animal with cultured cells 4. Animal develops same disease

 Smaller than bacteria - filterable  Dmitri Iwanowski and Martinus Beijerinick ▪ Tobacco mosaic virus

 Chemotherapy  Paul Ehrlich ▪ Magic Bullet Theory

 The birth of antibiotics  Alexander Fleming ▪ Bad lab techniques made him famous

 Not just bacteria anymore  Carl Woese ▪ Extremophiles

 Diagnostics  Treatments  Genomics  Epidemiology  Emerging diseases  Bioremediation  Environment micro / microbial ecology  Green fuels  Bioterrorism  Bioengineering  Agricultural microbiology  Industrial microbiology

Chapter 10 meet the microbes! Six subgroups Bacteria Archaea Algae Fungi Protozoa Viruses Helminths **

Classification systems and names Kingdom

Writing names properly binomial nomenclature genus species Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli E. coli or E. coli

bacteria = binomial nomenclature plus genus species strains E. coli K12 E. coli ML30 E. coli 0157:H7

How we classify - methods - old

How we classify - Dichotomous key - an oldie but goodie

How we classify - methods - new molecular biology / genetics

Molecular biology and identification

The Prokaryotes - Ch. 11 Archaea Bacteria

Prokaryotes: Homework Chose 5 bacteria (total) from different 5 different phyla (Ch. 11) and describe: habitat - where is it normally found? shape (morphology - what does it look like under the microscope) pathogenesis (does it cause disease? if so how?) three interesting facts (not covered above) think medical or environmental importance unique features include a picture of the organism This must be a PowerPoint presentation. This is part of your weekly presentation grade. Due beginning of class - on a thumb drive or to me.

Eukaryotes and Helminths and Arthropod vectors Chapter 12

A few eukaryotes to know about: Fungi macroscopicmicroscopic

Eukaryotic cells - Fungi heterotrophic saprobe

Eukaryotic cells - Fungi yeast colonies mycelium spores

A few eukaryotes to know about: Fungi

Fungal diseases : thermal dimorphoism

Mycoses = fungal infections ringworm / tinea athletes foot / tinea thrush Cryptococcus Aspergillus

Good Fungi

Good Fungi - antibiotic producers

A few eukaryotes to know about: Algae

A few eukaryotes to know about: Lichens

A few eukaryotes to know about: Protozoa Paramecium Amoeba Giardia

A few eukaryotes to know about: Protozoa: trypanosome

A few eukaryotes to know about: Protozoa: Toxoplasma gondii

A few eukaryotes to know about: Protozoa: Plasmodium

A few eukaryotes to know about: Slime molds

A few eukaryotes to know about: Helminths Intestinal Helminths

Eukaryotes - Helminths FlukesTapewormsRoundworms

YOU and Helminths diseases

Parasitic Helminths

A few eukaryotes to know about: Arthropod vectors

YOU and Arthropod vectors / diseases

Chapter 13 - Viruses !!!!!!!!!!!

Viruses- naked vs. enveloped

Viruses - such cool shapes

Virus “life” cycle

Viruses - entry

Viruses - exit

Viruses - types of genomes

Virus classification

Viruses - reproduction

YOU and viral diseases Poliovirus

YOU and viral diseases Influenza

Influenza – why you have to get a immunization each year

YOU and viral diseases HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Retroviruses - reverse transcription

Retroviruses - genome integration

YOU and viral diseases Mononucleosis – Epstein Barr Virus

YOU and viral diseases Herpes Virus

YOU and viral diseases: Cancer

Phage / bacteriophage – lytic vs. lysogenic cycle

Phage / bacteriophage – lytic vs. lysogenic cycle

Viruses and plants

What if you are already sick: Antivirals

For next week: Your bacterial presentations - chapter 11 Multiple choice quiz chapters 1 - History 10 - classification 12 - eukaryotes viruses Read chapters Read Lab exercises 5, 6, 7