Educational Technology

 Module II Module II  Module III Module III  Module IV Module IV  Module V Module V

Module II TWO DIMENSIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA

Boards

Chalkboards These are the most common instructional media found in the classrooms which commonly use a green board and a chalk.

Whiteboard and Magnetic boards also sometimes called as multipurpose boards are those with a glossy surface, commonly white in color, where non- permanent markings are made with the use of special felt pens. A whiteboard becomes a magnetic board when it is made with metal base and then used for posting with the aid of magnets.

Cloth Boards ( Felt, Flannel, and Carpet ) This is a piece of plywood or heavy cardboard covered with either felt, flannel or carpet. The Fuzzy surface of a felt,, flannel or carpet allows visual materials with appropriate backing to adhere.

Hook& Loop Boards ( Velcro Boards) These boards are used in a similar fashion with cloth boards. Its edge over the cloth boards is that is has enough holding power to cause even heavy materials to stay on the board.

Bulletin Boards Are used to introduce or follow up lessons presented. These boards are usually designed as an instructional device that can carry a message without the presence of a teacher.

Pegboards Pegboards are made tempered masonite with 1/8-inch holes drilled 1 inch apart. These boards are used in displaying three-dimensional objects or heavy materials with the use of hooks inserted into the board.

Graphic Materials

This employs the use of lines, either simple or crude. They may not be the real thing but they may represent persons, places, things, and concepts. Drawings and Sketches

Cartoons Are use as symbolism and oftentimes bold exaggeration to present at a glance a message or point concerning new events, people or situations.

Strip drawings It is a form of cartooning in which a cast of characters enacts story in a sequence of closely related drawings. Strip drawings can be use for motivation or starter fro a lesson.

Posters Posters are combinations of lines, images, colors, and words. They are intended to catch attention and communicate a message quickly.

Charts

Organizational Chart These shows an organizations' structure or chain of command. It illustrates the interrelationships between the different parts of an organization.

Classification Chart Are similar to organization charts but its purpose is to show the classification or categorization of objects, events or species.

Time Lines Time Lines show in sequence different events or the relationship of people and events. They are very helpful in summarizing events.

Tabular Charts or Tables They contain numerical information or data in table or columns

Flow Charts These kinds of Charts show a process, sequence, or procedure

Tree or stream Chart These kinds of charts show change, growth or development by beginning with a single course and then spreads out into many branches or by beginning with many branches that comes together into a single channel.

Gannt chart Is an activity time chart that illustrates the start and finish dates of a certain activity or project.

Graphs

Line graphs They are used when plotting trends of relationships between series of data. It shows the progress over a period of time.

Bar Graphs Are the simplest and easiest to read. The data are presented in horizontal or vertical bars. While the widths of the bars are the same, its length represents the amount or percentage data.

Pie Graph or Circle graph The sections of these kinds of graphs represent the parts of a whole. These graphs always present whole amounts and its parts are calculated in percentage or fractional parts

Area or Solid graphs They are used to compare several related totals thru the use of geometric shapes.

Pictographs These graphs utilize related pictures or drawings to show numerical data. It is an adaptation of the bar graph.

Diagrams

Cluster or Cloud Diagram This is used in a nonlinear activity wherein ideas, images, and feelings are generated around a stimulus word.

Chain of Events This diagram illustrates the stages of an event, the actions of a character more the steps in a procedure.

Fishbone Mapping A fishbone map is used to show casual interaction of a complex event ( like nuclear explosion) or a complex phenomenon (like learning disabilities)

Cycle A cycle illustrates how series of events interact to produce a set of results such as the life cycle.

Compare/Contrast A diagram that is used to show similarities and differences.

Venn Diagram A Venn diagram is used to show relationships between sets, similarities and differences between characters, stories or poem.

Maps ( Flat Maps) A map is a visual representation of an area—a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as objects, regions, and themes.

Flip Charts A flip chart is a stationery item resembling a whiteboard, typically supported on a tripod or four-legged easel. A pad of paper sheets is typically fixed to the upper edge. Such charts are commonly used for presentations.

Pictures & Photographs

Pictures The generic term picture includes any kind of opaque representation of visual images which includes drawings, photographs, pictures in books and magazines, or any medium open to the artists’ interpretation.

Photographs Includes those images that were recorded by a camera and is usually an exact representation of the original.

Cards

Postcards These care commercially printed with space on one side for an address and postage stamp used for sending a short message through .

Flash Cards These materials are used for drill in teaching certain topics. Flashcards may contain words, phases, sentences, math combinations or pictures. They help develop skills as well as automatizing responses of learners.

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Module III THREE-DIMENSIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA

Objects & Specimens Objects are concrete materials such as plants, animals, tools and artifacts used in providing direct experience. Specimen on the other hand, is a part of some item that is atypical sample of the character of others in its same class or group.

Models and Mock-ups Models are modified real things. They are replicas of real objects which may be larger or smaller than the real thing. Meanwhile a mock-up is an arrangement of real device or associated devices, displayed in such a way that the representation of reality is created.

Dioramas Diorama is a three-dimensional representation of events, or concepts against a scenic background.

Puppets Rod puppets- They are flat cut out figures tacked to a stick, w/ one or more movable parts, and operated from below the stage level by wire rods or slender sticks.

Shadow puppets- they are two- dimensional in nature, normally controlled by rods that are much thinner than the typical ones that are used to support the rod puppet.

Hand Puppets- this type of puppet is made to slip over the hand like a glove. The puppet’s head is operated by the forefinger of the puppeteer, the little finger and thumb are being used to animate the puppet hands.

Glove and Finger Puppets- They make use of old gloves to which small costumed figure are attached.

Marionettes- these are puppets suspended and controlled by a number of strings, plus sometimes a central rod attached to a control bar held from above by the puppeteer.

Module IV PROJECTION SYSTEM

Filmstrip Projector It is a device used to view a filmstrip. The term filmstrip refers to a roll of 35mm transparent film containing a series of related still pictures shown one at a time.

Slide Projector It is a device used to view photographic slides. The term slide refers to a small format photographic transparency individually mounted for one- at-a-time projection.

Overhead Projectors An overhead projector is a variant of slide projector that is used to display images to an audience. An overhead projector typically consists of a large box containing a very bright lamp and a fan to cool it

Opaque Projector This is a device that has the capacity to display opaque materials on a screen.

LCD Projector This is a type of projector that can display video, images, or computer data on screen or any flat surface. For this projector to work, it should be connected to a computer.

Module V COMPUTERS AND THE INTERNET

Computers and the Internet become a vital tool. Almost every sector in the society is trying to harness its capability in making tasks faster and easier. With such scenario, man is expected to possess technological literacy in order to thrive in the new environment that computers and the Internet brought about.

Computer We are all familiar with what a computer is in a specific, contemporary sense. Personal computers are found in most aspects of daily life, and for some it is hard to even imagine a world without them. But the term computer means more than simply the Macs and PCs we are familiar with. A computer is, at its most basic, a machine which can take instructions, and perform computations based on those instructions.

Internet A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design.

Internet Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community. hostlocal

Web 2.0 It is the used of interactive technology that aims to enhance creativity, information sharing and collaboration among users.

Wiki A type of website that allows anyone or only designated members to edit its content. In the classroom, wikis can be used as collaborative writing tool, and broadens student’s thinking.

Blog A blog (a blend of the term web log)is a type of website or part of a website Blogs are usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse- chronological order. Blog can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.

Online Collaborative Websites These allows individuals to create or upload documents on the web where they can then be edited using familiar formatting tools.

Social Bookmarking Social bookmarking is saving bookmarks to a public website and tagging them with keywords.

Web-Enhanced Learning Activities

Online Treasure hunt It is an online inquiry-based activity developed by Tom March with the aim of developing knowledge of specific topic in the curriculum.

Web Quest A Webquest is an online inquiry- based developed by Bernie and Tom March in 1995 at the San Diego State University. In this activity, students create knowledge products (such as reports, brochures, posters) out of the information found on the Web and in other sources.

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