We know about the Great Fire through the diary of a man called Samuel Pepys.

2 nd September 1666 So I made myself ready presently, and walked to the Tower…and there I did see the houses at the end of the bridge all on fire. So down [I went], with my heart full of trouble, to the Lieutenant of the Tower, who tells me that it began this morning in the King's baker's house in Pudding Lane, and that it hath burned St. Magnus's Church and most part of Fish Street already. So I rode down to the waterside… Everybody is trying to move their goods or fling them into the river or bring them onto boats. Poor people stay in their houses until the fire touches them. Then they run into the boats. I saw the fire rage every way, and nobody trying to quench it, but instead trying to save their goods. The wind mighty high.

The fire lasted for four days and four nights. Day 1: Sunday 2 nd September 1666 A fire broke out in a baker ’ s kitchen in Pudding Lane. The baker ’ s name was Thomas Farrinor. The Mayor thought it was not serious. Samuel notes that many people are trying to save their belongings instead of trying to put the fire out.

Monday 3 rd September 1666 The fire grew worse due to the strong east wind. The Mayor is worried that people will not listen to him. Samuel Pepys buries his papers, wine and cheese in his garden. The fire crosses the River Fleet which causes more house to set alight.

Tuesday 4 th September 1666 The flames reached as far as the river Thames and the River Fleet. St. Paul ’ s cathedral caught on fire and the lead on the roof melted.

Wednesday 5 th September 1666 This was the last day of the fire. The east wind drops which causes the fire to slow down. The King was seen helping to put out the fire by Samuel Pepys. King Charles orders that houses be blown up to stop the fire spreading further.

There are many reasons why the fire spread so quickly. The buildings were mostly made of wood. The buildings were very close together. A strong wind blew the flames to other houses. There had been no rain, so London was very dry. There were only a few fire engine carts. The houses had tar on their roofs. The water squirters were too weak to quench the flames. They couldn ’ t carry water fast enough to put the fire out.

The Great Fire changed London dramatically. London before the fire was not a very nice place to be. The houses were all crowed together and made of wood which burned easily. After the fire, thousands of people were made homeless. New houses were built using bricks and stones. They were built with ‘ fire breaks ’ - a big space between sets of houses so if another fire happened the flames wouldn ’ t be able to jump across to other houses. Lots of important buildings had been destroyed in the fire. Wren, an architect designed many new important buildings and he also designed St Paul ’ s Cathedral.

Outside Monument Station on the Underground, you will see a huge tower – a monument. It is the tallest column in the world at 202feet. The height of the column is the same distance from the base to the baker ’ s house where the fire started, in Pudding Lane.