Warm Up: What do you already know about the lives of early humans? Where did they come from? How did they meet their basic needs for survival? What kinds of developments did they make? How did they express themselves? How do we know the answers to these questions?

Paleolithic Era  Neolithic Era Starting about 400,000 years ago…

Questions we will answer: How did physical geography influence the lives of early humans? What were the characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies? How did the beginning of agriculture and the domestication of animals promote the rise of settled communities? How does archaeology provide knowledge of early human life and its changes?

Beginning of Man Homo sapiens emerged in east Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago. Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. Early humans were hunters and gatherers whose survival depended on the availability of wild plants and animals.

Are we all Africans “under the skin”???? Differing Human Migration Theories Are we all Africans “under the skin”????

Hunter-Gatherer Society Were nomadic(migrated in search of food, water, shelter) Invented the first tools, including simple weapons Learned how to make and use fire Lived in clans Developed oral language Created “cave art”

Paleolithic Inventions/Innovations

OLDUVAI GORGE – TANZANIA, AFRICA

Early Discoveries

WARM UP: How did Paleolithic-Era humans meet their basic needs for survival? List the 6 qualities that hunter- gatherer societies shared.

The Last Ice Age 70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

The Neolithic Age Nomadic lifestyle  settled, stationery lifestyle. “Neolithic”  “New Stone” Age 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle  settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering  agricultural production and domestication of animals.

Societies during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age) Domesticated plants Domesticated animals Used advanced tools Made pottery Developed weaving skills Created PICTOGRAMS: First form of written communication

The Agricultural Revolution Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred around the same time in several different places?

WARM UP: How did the beginning of agriculture and the domestication of animals promote the rise of settled communities? How does archaeology provide knowledge of early human life and its changes?

Archaeology Archaeologists study past cultures by locating and analyzing human remains, settlements, fossils, and artifacts. Archaeologists apply scientific tests such as carbon dating to analyze fossils and artifacts. Stonehenge is an example of an archaeological site in England that was begun during the Neolithic and completed during the Bronze Age.

How do we know? Carbon Dating!!

Stonehenge

Early Settled Communities Çatal Hüyük

What do we know? Hunter-gatherer life was shaped by the environment. Early humans began the process of overcoming their environment. The beginning of agriculture and permanent settlements were big steps in the advance of civilization. Archaeologists continue to find and interpret evidence of early humans and how they lived.

Why is the "Neolithic Revolution" a turning point in human history??

OK, so we have cities. What’s the next step in the development of human societies?

CITIES ! CIVILIZATIONS !!

What are the characteristics of a civilization?

CIVILIZATION Advanced Cities Advanced Technology Specialized Workers Record- Keeping Complex Institutions