EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDE Amir Akbar

PIONEERING RESEARCH ON LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR AND ATTITUDES Between mid 1940’s and mid 1950s, extensive research was conducted at Ohio State University University of Michigan This research is about understanding the difference between successful and unsuccessful leaders. It also led to modern concept of leadership style Most of the surveys and interviews were conducted with bomber airplane commanders and production and office supervisor

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Studies of Initiating Structure and Consideration It identified 1800 specific examples of leadership behavior. Leaders also rated themselves on leadership dimensions TWO KEY DIMENSIONS Initiating structure Consideration

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Initiating Structure Degree to which leader organizes and defines relationship in the group by activities such as : Assigning specific tasks Specifying procedures to be followed Scheduling work Clarifying group expectations

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Consideration Degree to which leader creates an environment of emotional support, warmth, friendliness and trust : By being friendly and approachable Looking out for personal welfare of group Keeping group abreast of new developments Doing small favors for group

MICHIGAN STUDIES Production Centered Leaders Set tight work standards Supervisory leaders were categorized in two groups with respect to emphasis on production or employees Production Centered Leaders Set tight work standards Organize tasks carefully Prescribe work methods to be followed Closely supervise work of group members There is only one dimensional classification Leader is employee centered or production centered

MICHIGAN STUDIES Employee Centered Leaders Supervisory leaders were categorized in two groups with respect to emphasis on production or employees Employee Centered Leaders Encourage participation in goal setting Help to ensure high performance through trust and mutual respect There is only one dimensional classification Leader is employee centered or production centered

TASK RELATED BEHAVIOURS & ATTITUDES Adaptability to Situation Adaptability is an important aspect of effective leadership Leader with inexperienced, less mature people will have to devote more time on supervision Leader with experienced / mature group, will supervise less

TASK RELATED BEHAVIOURS & ATTITUDES High Performance Standards People tend to live up to the expectation of their superiors Setting high standards therefore, increases productivity This is called as Pygmalion Effect and it works in an unconscious way

TASK RELATED BEHAVIOURS & ATTITUDES Direction Setting Direction setting is a part of creating a vision and strategy When leader brings about a change, he sets a direction and while doing so, he goes beyond management function of planning

TASK RELATED BEHAVIOURS & ATTITUDES Risk Taking and Bias for Action To affect a constructive change, the leader takes risks and is ready to implement a risky decision Leader trusts his judgment

TASK RELATED BEHAVIOURS & ATTITUDES Frequent Feedback Giving members feedback on their performance is vital Feedback helps to take corrective action Stability of performance Effective leaders perform steadily It helps leaders appear professional and cool under pressure

Super Leadership Leading others to lead themselves Super leader is one who leads others to lead themselves by acting as coach , teacher and not a director

Super Leadership Super Leader inspires self motivation Super Leadership requires leader to take risk on people Key aspect of Super Leadership is to teach right thought Leader must teach people to develop positive thinking to gain control on their behaviour. Super Leader serves as model of constructive thought pattern

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