Archimedes 287 B.C. – 212 B.C.

Famous Quotes…. “Give me a spot where I can stand and I shall move the earth.” “Eureka! Eureka! I have found it!”

Mini Planitarium Archimedes created a mini planetarium that was mechanical and showed the motions of the sun, moon, and planets as viewed from the earth.

Mini Planitarium

Contributions: Astronomy

Archimedes’ Screw

The purpose is to move water uphill to help with irrigation.

Contributions: Crop irrigation and drainage/farming practices Crop irrigation and drainage/farming practices Remove water from ships so they would not sink (mechanical water pump) Remove water from ships so they would not sink (mechanical water pump) Move sludge Move sludge Sewage plants (many substations send to main treatment plant) Sewage plants (many substations send to main treatment plant)

The Law of Hydrostatic or the Archimedes’ Principle What Archimedes stated: “Any solid lighter than a fluid will, if placed in a fluid, be so far immersed that the weight of the solid will be equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.” “A solid heavier than a fluid will, if placed in it, descend to the bottom of the fluid, and the solid will, when weighed in the fluid, be lighter than its true weight by the weight of the fluid displaced.”

Hydrostatics: Buoyancy

Contribution to science? Maritime architecture

Simple Machines: Law of the Lever He was not the first to use the lever but he showed that the movement of the fulcrum influences equilibrium.

Simple Machines: Law of the Lever

Law of the Lever – the closer the lever is to the fulcrum, the easier it is to move an object

The pulley and the lever

Contributions: Applied mechanics – moving from physical science theory to technology and it is used to explain the effects of items when force is applied Applied mechanics – moving from physical science theory to technology and it is used to explain the effects of items when force is applied (example: engineering)

Weapons of War

Catipult

Death Ray

MythBusters and MIT

Claw of Archimedes

Claw of Archimedes (A different interpretation)

Contributions: National Defense National Defense Simple machines Simple machines

Contributed to Math Pi - Used a 96 sided polygon to determine that the value of pi was between 3 10/71 and 3 1/7. Pi - Used a 96 sided polygon to determine that the value of pi was between 3 10/71 and 3 1/7.

Contributed to Math Approximating the area of a circle He found the area of a circle by finding the area of smaller rectangles and adding them together. This is termed the “method of exhaustion” and led to integral calculus, which is the study of the area figures and on the volumes of solids.

Sand-Reckoner Archimedes said that he could create a number, greater than the grains of sand that would be required to fill the universe. He estimated that the number would be larger than grains of sand.

Contributions: Estimated the size of the universe Estimated the size of the universe Using smaller and easy to manipulate numbers when the data is large Using smaller and easy to manipulate numbers when the data is large grains of sand grains of sand Led to logarithms which were invented by John Napier in the early 1600’s Led to logarithms which were invented by John Napier in the early 1600’s Scientific notation? 1.5 x Scientific notation? 1.5 x 10 10

Contributed to Math Spiral of Archimedes – study of polar coordinates which is used in air traffic control. Spiral of Archimedes – study of polar coordinates which is used in air traffic control.

Stomacion

Stomacion This is similar to the tangram puzzle and the object is to either create pictures with the puzzle pieces or put it together in its original form.

Sources Boyer, Carl. A History of Mathematics. John Willey & Sons, Inc. New York, NY Struk, Dirk. A Concise History of Mathematics. Dover Publications, Inc. New York, NY screw.html screw.html am2/stuff/modernarch.htm am2/stuff/modernarch.htm ereIntro.html ereIntro.html