Avoiding Shifts in Tense, Person, and Voice

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Presentation transcript:

Avoiding Shifts in Tense, Person, and Voice

1. Watch your verb tenses. Don’t shift back and forth in time unless you have a good reason.

Illogical Shift in Verb Tense Past tense I started writing my essay last night at 9 p.m. and then finish it five minutes before class today. Present tense

Consistent Verb Tense Past tense I started writing my essay last night at 9 p.m. and then finished it five minutes before class today. Past tense

Logical Shift in Verb Tense Past tense I started writing my essay last night at 9 p.m., but I will not do that any more. Future tense

2. Watch your pronouns. Don’t move back and forth between first-, second-, and third-person pronouns unless you have a good reason.

PRONOUNS: The System 1st person I (me/my) we (us/our) 2nd you (your) SINGULAR PLURAL 1st person (= the person who is writing or speaking) I (me/my) we (us/our) 2nd who is being written or spoken to) you (your) 3rd (= the person or thing being written about) he (him/his) she (her) it (its) one (one’s) they (them/their)

Illogical Shift in Person Third Person Everyone can become a good writer once you learn how to revise and edit. Second Person

Consistent Point of View 1st Person I can become a good writer once I learn how to revise and edit. You can become a good writer once you learn how to revise and edit. Everyone can become a good writer once he or she learns how to revise and edit. 2nd Person 3rd Person

3. Watch active/passive voice. Don’t shift back and forth between active and passive voice unless you have a good reason. In an active sentence, the subject performs the action. She took my sister’s old job. The subject, she, performed the action in this sentence—she did the taking.

Watch active/passive voice. In a passive sentence, the subject is acted upon. My sister’s old job was taken by her. The subject, job, receives the action in this sentence—it was taken.

Illogical Shift in Voice Jill and I started the report, and it was finished by another team. Active Passive

Consistent Voice Active Jill and I started the report, and another team finished it. Active

Generally, prefer the active voice: Passive The directions were given by the teacher. The teacher gave the directions. Economic declines are often caused by rising interest rates. Rising interest rates often cause economic declines. Active Passive Active

To review illogical shifts in tense, person, and voice, see Chapter 17.