Introduction to Engineering and Technology

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Engineering Is The essence of engineering is design. Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need. The engineering design process is, at the same time, systematic and creative. And the engineering design process is always iterative: engineers must explore many different alternatives before they can hope to achieve an optimum solution. These are the essential characteristics of engineering.

Engineering I Define Mathematics. Define Science. Define Technology -

Technology What is Technology? What is an “-ology?” Construct a definition of Technology What is an “-ology?” Sociology, Biology, Psychology So what is good working definition of the word “Technology”?

Technology Technology is human knowledge Technology uses tools, materials, and systems Application of technology results in artifacts (human-made things) or other outputs (pollution and scrap) Technology is developed by people to modify or control the environment Dynamic – floppy disk

Engineering Overview Julie Sonnenberg-Klein Project Director, MaST – Math Science & Technology Initiatives

Part I Science, Engineering, Technology Concepts of Science & Engineering Scientists determine how the natural world operates Engineers apply science to make products Technicians use products, follow procedures

Science, Engineering & Engineering Technology Scientists Engineers Technicians Discover Understand Explain Design Create Operate Maintain

Science, Engineering & Engineering Technology Example X-Rays Scientists Engineers Technicians Designed X-Ray Machines Operate Machines Discovered X-rays ● 1895 Röntgen, x-ray from cathode tube ● 1896 Becquerel, radioactivity of uranium ● 1898 Currie, atomic nature of radiation ● 1899 Operator licensing recommended to protect public

Science, Engineering & Engineering Technology Engineers Example Lasers Design Applications CD Players Barcode Scanners Technicians Scientists Invented Laser Align, Maintain Lasers Use Lasers to do Research

Engineering I How old is technology? Many archaeologists, sociologists believe ONE technology has shaped our society to what it is today. Can you guess what it is? The plow! What were the societal effects of this technology? What innovations were made on it? The plow.

Engineering I Our earliest ancestors had to develop ways to solve problems. The Cave Man……. Look at our teeth. 1. This is not an argument about evolution. We make no assumptions about the origin of man. 2. It is a fact that human teeth differ from that of strict carnivores.

Engineering I In order to eat we needed to develop tools. Tools are the first essential element for all technology systems. These tools are made of materials (2nd) We name eras according to material usage Stone Age approx. 2,000,000 years ago. Bronze Age approx. 3000 BC-alloy using copper and tin Iron Age approx. 1200 BC Middle Ages – printed money and Printing Press Industrial Age Information Age

Engineering I Examine a Specific Artifact- Pick one! What is it made of? We call these materials resources. Natural and Man-made. Renewable, Non-renewable and re-usable. What were the affects of this technology? How has “drive-thru” technology altered our society? SO NOW DEFINE TECHNOLOGY!!

Engineering I Technology defined: The study of taking resources, applying a process to make things that satisfy our needs. Similar to the sciences, technology has a unique academic based body of knowledge. However, how do you think technology differs from “traditional” academic subjects? Discussion of this definition? Get the students to understand that they can enter a college and university and study TECHNOLOGY as a subject unto itself. But that study of technology will borrow knowledge and information from all other academic classifications. Discuss the relationship of

Engineering I Technology is defined as a system having seven essential elements: Capital Energy Resources/Materials Tools People Information Time

Engineering I The powers that be have developed the following definition…live it, love it, LEARN IT! Technology: The generation of knowledge and processes to develop systems that solve problems and extend human capabilities.

Engineering I According to our definition is this Technology? Story time: Scientists have observed monkeys in the South American rainforest. These monkeys eat Brazilia Nuts off trees. The shell is too hard to bite open. These monkeys have found they can use a rock to smash the nut on the ground to open it. According to our definition is this Technology?

Engineering I All Technology can be classified into three general classifications: Information Systems: Physical Systems: Construction, Transportation, Manufacturing Bio-related Systems

Engineering I Technology is a unique academic discipline that borrows knowledge and information from all other academic areas: Tech and Science (Nuclear energy plants) Tech and Math (The ½ gallon milk jug problem) Tech and Language Arts ($$$ Technical writers) Tech and Social Studies (Social responsibility) Tech and Foreign Language (Global economy) Tech and Music (Instruments are tools) Tech and Visual Arts (Escher)

Engineering I So now lets examine engineering. Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need. Human need is central.

Engineering I Egyptian Engineers Mesopotamian Engineers Imhotep: Engineer to King Joser Engineers to the Kushite Kings Pyramids, Dams, and Canals Mesopotamian Engineers First Canals built by the Sumerians of Southern Mesopotamia Home and Wall construction Assyrians and iron weaponry and the four wheeled war machine/wagons Aqueducts and paved streets of King Engineer Sennacherib Greek Engineers Borrowed concepts of construction from Assyrians and Mesopotamians 1st Metal Structure is attributed to the Greeks. Golden age engineer Archytas of Taras, pure scientist and engineer. Mechanical Bird that flew by compressed air.

Engineering I Greek Engineers: Roman Engineers: Hellenistic Greeks were a mixture of Greek and Oriental people. Archimedes and the science of hydrostatics was a result of Hellenistic Greek. Roman Engineers: Romans were also adaptive engineers; building off others ideas. Most were civil engineers developing roads, bridges, etc. Made significant advances in architecture and everyday machinery. Kingdom of Anatolia Central Indirect Heating Discovery of Cement! Use of the waterwheel, trusses and the pendentive.

Engineering I The Oriental Engineers: The European Engineers: Centered on religious activities. Indian – Skills with iron works Arabic – Skills with water clocks and waterwheels and the first practical windmill. Chinese – Suspension and cable stayed bridges, canals and dams. The European Engineers: Middle Ages was the height of invention. Advances in cathedrals..the flying buttress 18th century advanced hydraulics, canal building. Renaissance saw the advent of engineering schools and engineering became a defined discipline.

Discussion Has your idea of the field of engineering changed now that we have discussed it? If yes, how?

Careers in Engineering ABET – The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology. Engineering defined as: The profession which the knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to use, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. Using materials and forces for the good of humankind.

Careers in Engineering Discipline: A specific area practiced by an engineer. They do overlap. There are several sub-categories under each of the major headings. Role: The jobs within the disciplines that are held by engineers. Research, Inventor, Supervisor, Human Resources, Sales, Financial Management Example: Degreed Mechanical Engineer that is the head of Sales for Ford Motor Corporation.

Engineering & Engineering Technology Degree Options in Georgia

Engineering Degrees (U Sys GA) GA Tech Aerospace Engineering; Biomedical Engineering; Chemical Engineering; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Civil Engineering; Computer Engineering; Electrical Engineering; Environmental Engineering; Industrial Engineering; Materials Science and Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Nuclear and Radiological Engineering; Polymer and Fiber Engineering Textile Sciences and Engineering; Georgia State University Construction Engineering; Mechatronics Engineering; Software Engineering University of Georgia Agricultural Engineering; Biochemical Engineering; Biological Engineering Computer Systems Engineering; Environmental Engineering; SO, who grants Engineering Degrees? Within the University System of Georgia, we have GA Tech Georgia State And University of Georgia And there are a lot of degrees. . . And you’ll notice, there isn’t a whole lot of overlap. For research institutions, the university system doesn’t seem to duplicate efforts. The only overlap I see is in Environmental Engineering.

Engineering Technology Degrees (U Sys GA) Fort Valley State Agriculture Engineering Technology; Electronics Engineering Technology Georgia Southern Civil Engineering Technology; Electrical Engineering Technology; Mechanical Engineering Technology Georgia Southwestern State Computer Science Technology Savannah State Computer Science Technology; Southern Polytechnic State Apparel/Textile Engineering Technology; Architectural Engineering Technology; Civil Engineering Technology; Computer Engineering Technology; Electrical Engineering Technology; Industrial Engineering Technology; Mechanical Engineering Technology; Surveying and Mapping; Telecommunications Engineering Technology So who grants Engineering Technology Degrees? We have Southern Polytechnic Fort Valley State Georgia Southern Georgia Southwestern And Savannah State And those degrees are. . . In this case, you’ll notice there’s more overlap.

In the State of GA BOTH DEGREES CAN LEAD TO LICENSURE National Society of Professional Engineers Engineering and engineering technology are recognized as distinct points on the technical occupational spectrum. Different criteria for the two degree programs Engineering Technology – accreditation criteria prohibits program from claiming that it gives its graduates the equivalent of an engineering education. Pass rates based on Engineering test takers, exclude Engineering Technology degrees ABET Accreditation National Conference of Examiners According to the National Society of Professional Engineers. . . Both programs are accredited by ABET But they have different criteria In the case of Engineering Technology, if they’re accredited. . . And I showed earlier that licensure process involves two exams. In calculating the pass rates, the organization that administers the exam doesn’t include results for students with Engineering Technology degrees in the calculations.

Median Annual Salaries Engineers & Engineering Technicians

Median Annual Salaries, Nation Wide 120000 Engineer Engineering Technician 25th-75th Percentile 100000 80000 Median Annual Salary 60000 40000 Source Bureau of Labor Statistics 2005 National Occupational Employment & Wage Estimates 20000 Civil Computer, Electronics, Electrical Mechanical Field

Median Annual Salaries for Savannah, Georgia 90000 Engineer Engineering Technician 25th-75th Percentile 80000 70000 60000 50000 Median Annual Salary 40000 30000 20000 Source Bureau of Labor Statistics 2005 National Occupational Employment & Wage Estimates 10000 Civil Electrical, Electronics Mechanical Field

Georgia Illinois Workers by Standard Occupational Classification 100% Engineers Engineering Technicians 80% 60% Standard Occupational Classification 40% 20% Source Bureau of Labor Statistics 2005 National Occupational Employment & Wage Estimates 0% Civil Electrical, Mechanical Civil Electrical, Mechanical Computer Computer Georgia Illinois State and Field

Fields of Study

Part III – Fields of Study Aerospace Eng. Agricultural Eng. Architectural Eng. Bioengineering Biomedical Eng. Ceramic Eng. Chemical Eng. Civil Eng. Computer/Software Eng. Electrical Eng. Environmental Eng. Fire Protection Eng. Industrial Eng. Manufacturing Eng. Mechanical Eng. Metallurgy and Materials Eng. Mineral & Mining Eng. Nuclear Eng. Ocean Eng. Transportation Eng. As I said earlier, Engineers apply science to make products. Well, there are products in every aspect of life. You can add the word “engineer” to almost anything.

Fields of Study – Employment A lot of fields, but 3 big players Although there are about 20 Engineering related Occupational Codes, in terms of college majors, there are three big players. In pink (I love using pink on engineers), we have Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering. Different occupational codes, technically two different degrees, but they’re handled by the same department at most universities. In blue, we have Electrical Engineers, Electronics Engineers and Computer Hardware Engineers. In this case, three occupational codes, two degrees, one department, which is called electrical and computer engineering. Now in tan and orange we have Mechanical Engineers and Industrial Engineers. In this case, these are two separate departments at the university. But they’re so closely related, there is a lot of cross over. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Civil Engineers Build Our Communities Civil Engineers Environmental Electrical Engineers Electronics Engineers Computer Hardware Mechanical Engineers Industrial Engineers

Environmental Engineers Fix Problems Our Communities Cause (Pollution) Civil Engineers Environmental Engineers Electrical Engineers Electronics Engineers Computer Hardware Mechanical Engineers Industrial Engineers

Electrical Engineers Tiny things – light, electrons Civil Engineers Environmental Engineers Electrical Engineers Electronics Engineers Computer Hardware Mechanical Engineers Industrial Engineers

Computer Engineers Work with and Improve Computers U Mass Civil Engineers Environmental Engineers Electrical Engineers Electronics Engineers Computer Hardware Mechanical Engineers Industrial Engineers U Mass

Mechanical Engineers Work with anything that moves, that isn’t alive Civil Engineers Environmental Engineers Electrical Engineers Electronics Engineers Computer Hardware Mechanical Engineers Industrial Engineers

Careers in Engineering Disciplines: Aerospace: the flight of all kinds of vehicles operating under different speeds and altitudes. Agricultural: all systems and sciences for the production and processing of agricultural products. Architectural: structural integrity, safety and aesthetic integrity of structures. Chemical: the development of processes, and the design and operation of plants in which materials undergo chemical changes during their manufacture.

Careers in Engineering Disciplines: Civil: All principalities of communication, transportation, construction, and manufacturing. Electrical: applications of electricity ranging from electric light, power systems to electronic appliances including computer engineers. Industrial: the production of manufacturing systems. Mechanical: machines, production of power, and manufacturing methods.

Careers in Engineering Disciplines: Nuclear: Use and management of nuclear technology. Petroleum: the extraction of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products from the earth.

Careers in Engineering Assignment: Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation 2 people per team maximum 5 slide minimum 5 related pictures or illustrations Slide one: Title of your discipline, your names, date and school. Slide two: Description of the engineering discipline. Slide three: Educational Preparation including number of years, one Georgia schools offering the degree program, one non-Georgia schools offering the degree program. Slide four: from Hotjobs.com or Monster.com list three examples of current job openings for this area (DO NOT LIST HEAD HUNTERS AS POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS). Slide five: Average Georgia Income, Average US Income.

Careers in Engineering Assignment 2-Homework –Have Parent Signature showing they reviewed What are your post secondary plans? List three jobs, tech schools, or colleges that will help you prepare for your future. Obtain an application for one of these and complete it.