French and Indian War French and Indians v. British

French Empire in America St. Lawrence River Quebec Great Lakes Louisiana Interest in trading not colonizing Better relationship with Indians

British Empire in America Eastern coast of America Interested in expanding Feelings of superiority

Native American Empire All of America before European arrival Different view of land ownership Tribes are competitive Lifestyle different from European

England v. France Old rivalry 1754 conflict ignites again as George Washington led a Virginia militia against the French Indians resist English expansion and ally with French The French and Indian allies won many early battles

England v. France cont. Victory at Quebec gave the British control Treaty of Paris, 1763 – France lost all lands in America

Problems after the War Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts Conflicts were becoming costly for Britain Proclamation of 1763 – Stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mountains *Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians

Tensions Build British heavily in debt because of war Standing British Army in the colonies Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products Smugglers avoid paying taxes Writs of assistance Sugar Act – Only affected merchants and traders

Stamp Act Parliament passes Stamp Act Placed a direct tax on the colonists Required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, licenses, and cards Affected many colonists rich and poor Law eventually repealed. Declaratory Act passed to assert Parliament’s power to make laws for the colonies.

Townshend Acts New tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint Colonists again reacted with protests and boycotts of British goods. Daughters of Liberty began spinning their own rough cloth, called “homespun.” The wearing of homespun became a sign of patriotism. Sons of Liberty organized.

Resistance Begins Sons of Liberty (Boston, Samuel Adams, and John Adams) No taxation without representation Protests and boycotts were organized Stamp agents were harassed

Boston Massacre March 1770 Protests by colonists British troops fired on crowd 5 colonists killed (Crispus Attucks) Most soldiers found not guilty – John Adams served as attorney for the soldiers

Boston Tea Party Tax on tea still remain in effect Monopoly on tea given to the British East India Company. December 1773 colonists (dressed as Indians), raided Boston harbor and threw the tea overboard and burned the ships

Intolerable Acts Parliament passes Coercive Acts in reaction Colonists call it the Intolerable Acts Closed Boston Harbor Suspended basic civil rights Housed troops in peoples’ homes Committees of Correspondence

First Continental Congress All colonies except Georgia sent representatives, the first time most of the colonies had acted together. 55 delegates attended the Congress They wrote the Declaration of Rights and Grievances. This declaration expressed loyalty to the king but condemned the Coercive Acts.

The Revolution Begins Minutemen were a special unit of men trained and ready to “stand at a minute’s warning in case of alarm.” Loyalists (Tories): Americans who backed Britain or remained loyal to the king. Patriots: People who believed the British had become tyrants and wanted to separate. Neutrals: Did not care one way or another.

Causes and Effects of the American Revolution Colonist’s tradition of self-government, known as Salutary Neglect. American’s sense of a separate identity from Britain Proclamation of British policies toward the colonies after 1763 Effects: United States declares independence A long war with Great Britain World recognition of American independence

Factors contributing to victory for the American rebels Diplomatic: Benjamin Franklin negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France Military: George Washington avoided the destruction of his army and his leadership kept the army together when defeat seemed inevitable. Americans benefited from the presence of the French army and navy at the Battle of Yorktown.