Physiology & Behavior Neurotransmission Jette Hannibal - Inthinking.

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Presentation transcript:

Physiology & Behavior Neurotransmission Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Standard/Learning Outcome B6 Using one or more examples, EXPLAIN the effects of Neurotransmission on human behavior Define the command term Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

The nervous system NS: gathers and processes information, produces responses to stimuli, coordinates the workings of different cells CNS (brain + spinal cord): receives, processes, interprets, and stores incoming sensory information (e.g. Taste, state of internal organs) PNS: deals with input and output of CNS through sensory and motor neurons. Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

The nervous system Neurons: basic structural unit of NS Communication between neurons: electric conduction chemical transmission A large concentration of neurons in the brain and the spinal cord. 80% are found in the brain’s Cerebral cortex

Structure of neurons Cell body or nucleus (contains DNA) Dendrites: information transmission Axons: the cell body. Terminal buttons: storage of neurotransmitters. Synaptic gap: between dendrites and terminal buttons. Where neurotransmitters “pass” information from neuron to neuron. Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Neuron Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

http://learn. genetics. utah. edu/content/addiction/reward/neurontalk http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/reward/neurontalk.html Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Neuronal communication Within neurons: Action potential Between neurons: Synaptic transmission of neurotransmitters Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Action potential Electro-chemical messages AP occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon AP caused by an exchange of Sodium and Potassium ions across the neural membrane Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Neurotransmitters Chemical messengers from neuron to neuron. Messages may also travel from neurons to to muscles and organs in the body, such as lungs or the intestines. Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Synaptic gap Synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitters at one side of the gap (terminal buttons): pre-synaptic gap. Like “keys” Receptor sites for neurotransmitters (like locks) at the other side of the gap: post-synaptic gap 1/10000 of a second to travel across the synaptic gap Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Neurotransmitters Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Brief intro to principles of neurotransmission Intro to Neurotransmission Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Neurotransmitter processes Excitatory: increases the frequency of action potential Inhibitory: decreases the frequency of action potential De-activation: effect of neurotransmitter stopped (destroyed by special enzyme) Re-uptake: reabsorbed by the terminal buttons. Drugs can inhibit re-uptake so that the neurotransmitter remains longer in the synaptic gap Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Examples of neurotransmitters Dopamine: (inhibitory) Controls arousal levels in the brain; vital for physical motivation (e.g. associated with craving in addiction) Serotonin: (inhibitory) Controls mood and anxiety levels High levels of serotonin are associated with optimism. Acetylcholine (ACh): (excitatory) Controls activity in the brain connected with attention, learning and memory Noradrenaline: (excitatory) involved in mental arousal and elevated mood Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

Dopamine and serotonin Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

The reward pathway - dopamine Stimulation of the reward center is linked to release of dopamine Rats will continuously press a lever that gives a small electrical stimulation to the pleasure center Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

A Song to Help http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XP9IEoCw5W4&safe=active Jette Hannibal - Inthinking

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