U.S.A

Learning Objectives Know U.S. Army missions and function Understand the U.S. Army Organizational Components Understand the difference between U.S. Army Basic & Special branches Know the Department of the Army organization Understand the organization of Tactical Army Units

U.S. Army-Background Force Projection Primarily based in the U.S. unlike cold war Era Relies on Navy and Air Force for mobilization / Deployment

Missions & Functions Primary mission: Function Prepare Land Forces for War To fight our country’s wars and Win!! Function Organize, train, and equip forces for land combat operations designed to defeat enemy land forces, seize and occupy land areas.

Secondary Missions & Functions Provide air defense units to defend friendly forces Coordinate for joint amphibious operations with other services Conduct special operations Develop doctrines, procedures, and plans in conjunction with other services engaged in airborne operations Train and provide occupational forces and establishment of military government

Missions & Functions Provide humanitarian relief during national disasters Assist civilian communities during disturbances Assist with civic action programs

U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major) Basic Branches and Purposes Infantry & Armor: Lead soldiers and armored forces and employ combined arms teams in combat Field Artillery: Provide fire support in combat Air Defense Artillery: Employ air defense artillery weapons against enemy aircraft or missile attack

U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major) Basic Branches and Purposes Aviation: Participate in the entire spectrum of the army mission (combat, combat support, combat service support, etc.) Special Forces: Accomplish missions of unconventional warfare, foreign international defense, direct action, strategic reconnaissance, and counterterrorism

U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major) Basic Branches and Purposes Corps of Engineers: Lead engineer soldiers in combat and combat support operations and carry out construction management and facilities engineering in the field Signal Corps: Plan and manage communications systems from combat units to the nation’s defense communications system

U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major) Basic Branches and Purposes Military Police: Support combat operations enforcement of laws and regulations, security of government property, criminal investigative operations, and the discharging of correctional functions Military Intelligence: Plan, conduct and supervise the collection , analysis, production, and dissemination of finished intelligence products

U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major) Basic Branches and Purposes Civil Affairs: Command, control and coordinate civil military operations and civil administration Adjutant General: Manages administrative & personal needs Finance Corps: Responsible for management financial resources for Army

U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major) Basic Branches and Purposes Chemical Corps: Responsible for operations, training, scientific development and acquisition in support of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) defense programs Ordnance Corps: Maintenance and life cycle management of armament, conventional and special munitions, test equipment, management of air defense and land combat missile systems and construction material

U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major) Basic Branches and Purposes Quartermaster Corps: Plan and direct all phases of the acquisition cycle along with the preservation of supplies and equipment

U.S. Army Organizational Components (Major) Special Branches Judge Advocate General Corps (JAG) Chaplain Corps Medical Corps Dental Corps Veterinary Corps (Only service to have DVM’s) Nurse Corps Medical Specialist Corps

Department of the Army Organization Secretary of the Army Appointed civilian Responsible for all affairs affecting the Department of the Army Staffs Officer of the Chief of Staff: Principal military advisor to the Secretary of the Army Planning, development and execution of the Army programs

Organization of Tactical Army Units Corps Division Brigade Battalion Company Platoon Squad

Organization of Tactical Army Units Squads Smallest component (4-10 individuals) Platoons 2 or more squads Led by 1st and 2nd LTs Companies 2 or more platoons, usually of the same type limited capacity for self support Led by Captains

Organization of Tactical Army Units Battalions 2 or more company sized units and a headquarters Generally organized by branch with the addition of administrative and logistical support Led by Lieutenant Colonels

Organization of Tactical Army Units Brigades 2 or more battalions Can be part of a higher divisional structure of separate units Led by Colonels or Brigadier General

Organization of Tactical Army Units Divisions 8-11 maneuver battalions 3-4 field artillery battalions and an entire range of combat support and combat service support, equipment and personnel, infantry, armored, mechanized infantry airborne, air assault and light infantry units will be present Corps Largest tactical unit Plans and conducts major operations

Questions?

USAF

U.S. AIR FORCE

Overview Know U.S. Air Force Missions Understand U.S. Air Force Organizational components

U.S. Air Force Missions Strategic aerospace offense Strategic aerospace defense Counter air Air interdiction Close Air Support Special Operations Airlift Aerospace surveillance and reconnaissance Aerospace maritime operations

U.S. Air Force Missions Strategic Aerospace Offense Objective-neutralize or destroy an enemy’s war-sustaining capabilities. Attacks directed against an enemies key military, political, and economic power bases.

U.S. Air Force Missions Strategic Aerospace Defense Integrate aerospace warning, control, and intercept forces to detect, identify, and destroy enemy forces attacking our nation’s war sustaining capabilities. Provide strategic warning and assessment of strategic attack to the National Command Authority through an extensive network of warning sensors (on the earth and in space).

U.S. Air Force Missions Counter Air Objective is to gain control of the aerospace environment- dog fighting Offensive Counter Air (OCA) Seek out and neutralize/destroy enemy aerospace forces at a time and place of our choosing.

U.S. Air Force Missions Counter Air (cont) Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (SEAD) Neutralize, destroy, or temporarily degrade enemy air defensive systems in a specific area physical and/or electronic attack. Example: Jam/Harm

U.S. Air Force Missions Counter Air (cont) Defensive Counter Air (DCA) Detect, identify, intercept, and destroy enemy aerospace forces that are attempting to attack friendly forces or penetrate friendly airspace.

U.S. Air Force Missions Air Interdiction (AI) Delay, disrupt, divert or destroy an enemy’s military potential before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly forces. Example: Bombing / Strike missions

U.S. Air Force Missions Close Air Support (CAS) Supports ground operations by attacking hostile targets in close proximity to friendly ground forces. Requires detailed coordination and integration. Very fluid and dynamic

U.S. Air Force Missions Special Operations Assists strategic or tactical objectives through the use of low visibility, covert or clandestine operations. Usually conducted in enemy controlled or politically sensitive areas Example: U-2

U.S. Air Force Missions Airlift Deploys, employs, and sustains military forces through transportation of men, equipment, and supplies in the air. Combat missions Air drop Extraction Air landing of ground forces and supplies into combat

U.S. Air Force Missions Airlift (cont.) Combat support missions Logistics support transportation of personnel and equipment Aerospace surveillance and reconnaissance Intelligence gathering Ex.-RC-135

U.S. Air Force Missions Aerospace maritime operations Neutralize or destroy enemy naval forces and to protect friendly naval forces and shipping. Support role for the Navy

USAF Organizational Components Flights Squadrons Groups Wings Numbered Air Forces Major Commands

USCG

U.S. Coast Guard & Merchant Marine

U.S. Coast Guard & Merchant Marine Overview USCG Role in DOD USCG Missions Merchant Marine Missions Merchant Marine Organization

U.S. Coast Guard (Dual role) Department of Homeland Security- Normal peacetime role Department of Defense- When directed by the President, the Coast Guard will operate as a part of the Navy. It will maintain its’ normal peacetime responsibilities as well

U.S. Coast Guard Missions Enforce all maritime laws and treaties Search and Rescue (SAR) Enforce National Drug policy Install, maintain, service and operate all aids to navigation including: Navigation lights Channel Markers Navigational sound-signaling devices

U.S. Coast Guard Missions Ice Breaking- Maintain clear passage in domestic waters for all commercial and military traffic Support scientific research projects in the Arctic and Antarctic Maintain readiness to fulfill any military function as directed

U.S. Coast Guard Missions Environmental cleanup control Boating safety in domestic and inland lakes and waterways Provide military reconnaissance (in Wartime) Safeguard ports and harbors against destruction from sabotage Investigate any maritime disaster in domestic waters

U.S. Merchant Marine Role in DOD: Augment the overseas lifting capabilities of the Navy and Air Force for personnel, equipment, and stores. Transports materials by U.S. and its allies. In wartime, ships needed by DOD are obtained from shipping reserves or contracted to the Military Sealift Command (MSC)

Merchant Marine Organization Maritime Administration (MARAD)- Civilian organization under the Department of Transportation which regulates the U.S. shipping industry (Peacetime) Provides positive control over the nations shipping assets in order to ensure maximum efficiency in support of vital military and economic priorities. Known as Civil Direction of Shipping (CDS)

Questions?

HOMEWORK Reading: “Forward…from the Sea”