1.Meet B Parmar ( ) 2.Swapnil A Parmar ( ) 3.Pratik C Patel ( ) B.E- 2 SEM MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Water resources

Introduction Introduction This is virtual booklet of water resources is going to be about how people use water, how we would have to take care of it and many things that with this booklet you should learn. Also with this booklet you should learn how to not waste the water and enjoy you to practice it to save this beautiful world.

Water Resources Are sources of water that are useful to humans. Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water.

Fresh water is renewable resources like soil and air. The worlds is supplied by clean and fresh water and it is decreasing. Water is one of our most critical resources, but around the world it is under threat. Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues to rise, so too does the water demand.

Water resources are divided: Water resources are divisible into two distinct categories : the surface- water resources and the ground-water resources. Each of these categories is a part of the earth's water circulatory system, called the hydrologic cycle, and is derived from precipitation, which is rainfall plus snow.

Distribute of water on Earth This is how the water is distribute on Earth. If you could see here that is most amount of water in the oceans.

This is another graphic about the world’s water and how it is distributed. Here also you could see that the total volume in the hydrosphere of water is km2 (100%)

Sources of Fresh Water Surface water: Surface water: Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface water is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, and sub-surface seepage.

Ground Water: Ground Water: Sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks. It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table. Desalination: Desalination: Desalination is an artificial process by which saline water (generally sea water) is converted to fresh water.

Frozen Water: Frozen Water: Several schemes have been proposed to make use of icebergs as a water source, however to date this has only been done for novelty purposes. Glacier runoff is considered to be surface water. Under River flow Under River flow

Glossary Useful: Useful: To do something in order to be helpful. Virtually: Virtually: almost, but not quite. Decreasing: Decreasing: smaller increase in output than input: a situation in which an increase in input causes output to increase by a smaller proportion. Exceeds: Exceeds: be greater than something- to be greater than something in quantity, degree, or scope. Replenished: Replenished: replace used items- to restock depleted items or material. Discharge: Discharge: carry something out.

How do people use Water Resources? Household Personal Use Recreational activities Washing dishes Fill the car with water Watering the plants Putting out the fire Give water for the cows Watering the grass Washing the car Washing the teeth Drinking water Take a shower Going to the bathroom Walk in the pool for recovering health Go to the pool. Go to the beach. Walk in the pool for recovering health. Skiing in the mountains. Fish in the lakes. Play with a ball in the river. Surfeit in the ocean. Picture: Divide

Uses of water Agricultural: Agricultural: It is estimated that 69% of worldwide water use is for irrigation, with 15-35% of irrigation withdrawals being unsustainable. Aquaculture is a small but growing agricultural use of water. Industrial: Industrial: It is estimated that 15% of worldwide water use is industrial. The distribution of industrial water usage that is varies widely, but as a whole is lower than agricultural use. This is the process of irrigation

Household: Household: It is estimated that 15% of worldwide water use is for household purposes. These include drinking water, bathing, cooking, sanitation, and gardening. Recreational water: Recreational water: use is usually a very small but growing percentage of total water use. Recreational water use is mostly tied to reservoirs. Environmental: Environmental: Explicit environmental water use is also a very small but growing percentage of total water use.

Good and bad uses of water Ways people waste water: (How to save it).  Dishwasher -Dishwashers can waste so much water if you run it when it is not full. A way to prevent this is to wash your dishes without use of the dishwasher.  Brushing Teeth / Washing Dishes WITH the Water Running- DO NOT keep water running while brushing your teeth/ doing the dishes. When you brush your teeth, wet the toothbrush first and turn the water off.  Shaving - When you taking the shower, do you really need the water running? Turn off the water while you shave your legs. I put conditioner in my hair, fill cup with water, sit in the bathtub and shave, with the water off.

 If Its Yellow, Let it Mellow. If Its Brown, Flush it Down- Some people are bothered by this, but it is essential. Every time you flush the toilet, you waste 10 gallons of water.  Car Wash-This may be hard for us city folks, but if you have a lawn, Wash your car on it! Use Biodegradable soap, and a bucket of water. Only turn on the hose for the final rinse.  Bath time! Bath time is no longer Fun time. It wastes an unnecessary amount of water. an average shower uses 1/5 the amount of water that is needed for a bath!  Using the Toilet as a Garbage Can- Do Not Do This! Throw out everything in a garbage can, even if it is tempting to just throw it in the toilet.  Hot Water-Only use hot water when absolutely necessary. Hot water uses a lot more energy, and it isn’t always necessary.

Proposals: How to conserve water If you want to learn how to conserver water and protecting the environment, learning to conserve water is a great way to make a positive impact. A four-minute shower may not sound like much, but in reality can cost up to 40 gallons. But don't worry--there are ways to change water-hogging household habits into leaner, greener activities. Water Conservation Tips Run your dishwasher for only full loads. Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Check your faucets and toilets for leaks. Take shorter showers. Water your lawn in the morning. Use a cover on your pool. Wash your car with a nozzle on the hose.