CS 415 N-Tier Application Development By Umair Ashraf July 16,2013 National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Lecture # 12 HTML/ XHTML/ HTML5

Agenda/Contents for Today’s Lecture  Mid Term Exam Solution Discussion  Mid Term Exam Paper Review  HTML  XHTML  HTML5

What is XHTML ? XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) is a family of XML markup languages that mirror or extend versions of the widely used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are written

XHTML  XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language  XHTML is almost identical to HTML  XHTML is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML  XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application  XHTML is supported by all major browsers.

The Most Important Differences from HTML  Document Structure  XHTML DOCTYPE is mandatory  The XML namespace attribute in is mandatory ,,, and is mandatory  XHTML Elements  XHTML elements must be properly nested  XHTML elements must always be closed  XHTML elements must be in lowercase  XHTML documents must have one root element  XHTML Attributes  Attribute names must be in lower case  Attribute values must be quoted  Attribute minimization is forbidden

Example XHTML The example below shows an XHTML document with a minimum of required tags: Title of document......

HTML5  HTML5 is a markup language for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web and a core technology of the Internet. It is the fifth revision of the HTML standard (created in 1990 and standardized as HTML 4 as of 1997

HTML 5 Features  New Elements  New Attributes  Full CSS3 Support  Video and Audio  2D/3D Graphics  Local Storage  Local SQL Database  Web Applications  With HTML5, playing video and audio is easier than ever With HTML5, drawing graphics is easier than ever

HTML 5 Example Your browser does not support the video tag.

How Did HTML5 Get Started?  HTML5 is a cooperation between the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG).  WHATWG was working with web forms and applications, and W3C was working with XHTML 2.0. In 2006, they decided to cooperate and create a new version of HTML.  Some rules for HTML5 were established:  New features should be based on HTML, CSS, DOM, and JavaScript  Reduce the need for external plugins (like Flash)  Better error handling  More markup to replace scripting  HTML5 should be device independent  The development process should be visible to the public

HTML5 New Features  Some of the most interesting new features in HTML5:  The element for 2D drawing  The and elements for media playback  Support for local storage  New content-specific elements, like,,,,  New form controls, like calendar, date, time, , url, search

Reference Material