Pathways to Success in Pharmacy James N. Herron, Ph.D. Assoc. Professor, Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Associate Dean, Student Affairs College of Pharmacy Slides courtesy Mark Munger, Pharm.D., F.C.C.P., F.A.C.C.

Demographics on Profession of Pharmacy Third Largest Health Care Profession –195, ,000 Practitioners Number of Licensed Pharmacists in Utah-2011 –3280 Community Pharmacies in Utah-2007 –477 Average Cost of Prescription −↑ 3.6% in 2012 –↑ 8.3% in 2009 –↑ 7.9% in Brand-Name Drugs: 41.5% ↑ since 2005 compared to CPI: ↑13.3% Brand-Name Drugs: 41.5% ↑ since 2005 compared to CPI: ↑13.3%

National Pharmacist Demand by State 5 = High demand 4 = Moderate demand 3 = Demand in balance with supply 2 = Demand is less than supply 1 = Demand is much less than supply

Geographic Distribution of Pharmacists in Utah 83.0% (1,349) of the active pharmacist workforce practices in urban counties Only 8 of the 29 counties have a pharmacist-to- 100,000 population ratio of 64.3 or greater

United States Health Expenditures 2010 –Health Care Expenditures reached $2.6 Trillion 1 –Of the $2 Trillion, 10% or $260 Billion was spent on prescription drugs (retail setting only) 1 –Rx Drugs: Predicted to be 6.2% $$ Annual Growth Rate by 2021 –$23 Billion on OTCs in > 65 y.o. consume 40% –$117 Billion on Nutraceuticals in /11s0130.pdfhttp:// /11s0130.pdf 2. _Value_of_OTC_Medicine_to_the_United_States_Bo ozCo.pdfhttp:// _Value_of_OTC_Medicine_to_the_United_States_Bo ozCo.pdf 3. eaking-news/ /consumers-spend-nearly- 300-billion-on-lohas-produc/ eaking-news/ /consumers-spend-nearly- 300-billion-on-lohas-produc/

Drug-Related Morbidity and Mortality Costs to Society for Misuse of Prescription Medications –$176.6 billion (Projected: $346 Billion in 2009 (based on rate of health care spending) Largest Component –Hospitalizations 70% of Cost ($121.5 billion) –8 million persons 7,000 Medication Error Deaths (199,000 Extra Deaths) Mean Death Rate from Prescriptions 5% vs 0.3% for all other hospitalizations –77 million extra prescriptions –116 million extra M.D. visits –17 million E.D. visits Johnson JA, Bootman JL. Arch Intern Med 1995;155: Starfield B, et al. JAMA 2000;284:483-5

Drug Consumption: Elderly Elderly Americans Spend $3 Billion/year on Prescription Medications 90% over 65 years of age: 1 medication daily, the majority 2 or more Long Term Care Residents: 2/3rd > 3/day 3-10% of all Hospital Admissions for Elderly Patients are Due to Adverse Drug Reactions. http/

Outstanding Time to be a Pharmacist –Need is Tremendous for Quality Pharmaceutical Care! Reduce Deaths and Hospitalizations from Drugs Improve Chronic Disease Care Wellness Care/Preventative Medicine Reimbursement for Cognitive Services –BP measurements –Lipid Testing –Diabetes Education –Anticoagulation Clinics –Adult Immunizations Counseling-2 billion Inquiries/Year Great Opportunities Across Multiple Fields using Pharmaceutical Knowledge and Skills

“ We Need Our Brightest People Working on Our Biggest Problems”

What Value Does the University of Utah COP Have To Your Careers? We are here to have YOU succeed in your Career We view each of YOU as our Colleague –From Admission to Graduation –As an Alumni

How is the University of Utah COP Unique? Internationally renowned researchers, educators, and clinicians; –Bringing a unique, hands-on, perspective to the classroom; –Providing opportunities for research, education, and service; Drug Information Poison Control –Ranked #10 COP in the United States, and #4 in NIH Research; Importance: –Graduate Education –Community Pride One-to-One Faculty Interaction

What Value Does the University of Utah COP Have To Your Careers? Health Science Education Building - Interaction with medical, nursing, physician assistant, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and social work students - Interdisciplinary Learning Exercises conducted throughout ALL Years of Program

University of Utah COP Experiential Education Purpose –Students are better prepared for future career –Gain opportunities to learn more about the profession –Gain experience working with patients and others –Helps to solidify knowledge base and skills learned in the classroom

Today, Tomorrow, and Your Careers WELCOME, Relax and Do Well Today We want you succeed in your career.

Practice Opportunities Retail Pharmacy (APhA, NARD ) –Independent Pharmacies Opportunities for Cognitive Services Innovative Practice Settings Part Ownership Nursing Home Practice Opportunities –Chain Store Pharmacy Staff Positions Clinical Positions Being Developed Opportunities Growing for Cognitive Services Management Opportunities 6/10 Graduates are in Retail Pharmacy

Practice Opportunities Institutional Pharmacy (ASHP, ACCP) –Hospital (Residency Training) Staff Positions Clinical Positions Intravenous Admixture Positions Administrative Positions Home Health Care Positions Specialized Positions (Research, Special Services) Research Positions Telepharmacy Applications Nutritional Support Positions Pharmacokinetic Drug Services

Practice Opportunities Nuclear Pharmacy (Society of Nuclear Pharmacy) StaffCompoundingDispensing –Management of Bio-Active Waste –Radiation Safety Training –Research and Development –Ownership Opportunities –Retail and Institutional Settings

Managed Care Pharmacy Patient Care (130M Covered Lives) –Medication Therapy Management Medication Therapy Review Ongoing Assessment of Therapy –Practice Guidelines and Protocol Development Development Heart Failure AnticoagulationHypertension –Drug Utilization Review and Drug Use Evaluation –Care Management Programs “Disease State Programs”

Practice Opportunities Academia (3,000 FT Faculty) –Residency/Fellowship Training Clinical Track –Teaching/Clinical Service –Secondary Research Mission –PEP Directors –Leadership Positions in Student Organizations –Administrative Positions Tenure Track (Pharmacotherapy, Basic Science Departments) –Research/Teacher –Service –Administrative Positions

Practice Opportunities Pharmaceutical Industry (PHARMA) –Research and Development –Clinical Research Field Monitor –Sales Representatives/Medical Science Liason –Drug/Medical Information –Regulatory Affairs –Medical Writer –Medical Education –Administration –Drug Safety –Quality Control/Quality Assurance –Pharmaceutics/Formulations –Advertising/Marketing –Pharmacoeconomics (Outcomes and Research)

Practice Opportunities Consultant Pharmacists (ASCP) –Nursing Home Care –Long-Term Care Facilities –Infusion Center Pharmacies Roles –Disease Assessment and Management –Drug Regimen Review –Drug Research Programs –Durable Medical Equipment –Intravenous Therapy –Nutrition Assessment and Support –Pharmacokinetic Drug Services –Physical Assessment

Practice Opportunities Government –Food and Drug Administration –Drug Enforcement Agency –National Institutes of Health –All Branches of Armed Forces Department of Veterans Affairs –Department of Health and Human Services Indian Health Service MedicaidMedicareResearchBioterrorism Dietary Supplements

Practice Opportunities Drug Information Centers Poison Control Centers Hospice Boards of Pharmacy Institutional Review Boards National Associations of Boards of Pharmacy Dietary Supplement Industry

General Education Requirements General Education Requirements Pre-pharmacy Required Courses: Pre-pharmacy Required Courses: General Chemistry I and II w/ labs Organic Chemistry I and II w/ labs Calculus I and II Physics I and II (or Physics I and Statistics) Microbiology Technical Writing (or Public Speaking) Human Anatomy Human Physiology Pharm.D. Program

BS/BA degree with GPA of 3.0+ OR PCAT score above 65 *if you have both a BS/BA and a PCAT score, you will be given the benefit of the higher score on your application. Pharm.D. Program

Criteria for Admission:   Prerequisite GPA of 2.8 or higher   BS/BA or PCAT   Statement of Purpose   Volunteer/Community Service Experience   Leadership Experience   2 Recommendations -Professor -Supervisor, Pharmacist, or Health Care Professional   Pharmacy/Patient Exposure recommended Pharm.D. Program

College of Pharmacy Website: Application Website: Pharm.D. Program

University of Utah Pharm.D. Program

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