By: Sudesh Kalyanswamy and Ross Carstens Liberia and Civil War By: Sudesh Kalyanswamy and Ross Carstens

Background Two civil wars First war from 1989-1995 Second war from 1999-2003 Period of fighting from 1980-2004

Pictures of Civil War

Causes of Civil War

What does it stand for? ECOWAS – Economic Community of West African States NPFL – National Patriotic Front of Liberia Ecowas

Brief History Of Problem: Doe’s control 1980 - Samuel Doe takes control of gov’t. 1984 - Under pressure, Doe allows political parties to return 1985 - Doe wins presidential Election U.S. says election characterized by fraud and rigging. Ethnic conflicts increase

Brief History cont: Charles Taylor’s Uprising 1989 - NPFL, led by Taylor, begins revolt against gov’t. 1990 - ECOWAS sends peacekeeping force Doe is caught and executed by NPFL. 1991 - ECOWAS and NPFL agree to disarm and set up Interim Gov’t of National Unity 1992- NPFL launches assault on peacekeeping troops in Monrovia

Brief History Cont: End 1st Civil War and 2nd Civil War 1994 - Warring factions agree on timetable for disarmament and set up of joint Council of State 1995 – Peace agreement signed 1999 – Rebel forces come down from Guinea and attack town of Voinjama 2000 - Liberian forces launch attack against rebels 2001 - UN imposes arms embargo

Brief History: End 2nd Civil War 2002 – Taylor declares state of Emergency 2002- In Sept., Taylor lifts state of emergency 2003- Fighting intensifies, rebels battle for control of Monrovia, the capital Aug 2003- Nigerian Peacekeepers arrive. Taylor leaves handing power to his deputy Moses Blah. US troops arrive. Sept/Oct 2003- UN launches peacekeeping mission

Other Countries’ Reactions Many countries sent peacekeeping troops along with the UN troops. Countries Included: Namibia, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Nepal, Jordan, and various Western Nations.

Peacekeeping Troops Map

Results of Civil War Over 50,000 people have been displaced from their homes 220,000 people died in conflict

Leaders of Liberia Charles Taylor Doe, Samuel Bryant, Gyude Blah, Moses

Solution to Problem A treaty was made last Wednesday renouncing Civil War and initiating disarmament.

Peace Treaty The peace treaty is meant to be permanent. Previous peace treaties have failed. Ethnic groups probably still hold grudges against one another. A western peace treaty may not stop war.

BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.un.org/securitycouncil http://www.pbs.org http://www.foreignaffairs.org http://www.cnn.com http://www.bbc.com/news http://www.globalsecurity.org

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